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Religions of the Middle East Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are three important religions that began in the Middle East. All three religions teach monotheism, a belief in one God. Judaism followers are called Jews (Hebrew language) Abraham began practicing it around 2000 B.C. it is the oldest of the three religions name for God is Jehovah or Yahweh its holy books are the Torah (Old Testament) which contains The Ten Commandments and the Talmud which contains other laws Moses is considered a great leader / Jerusalem is holy city / place of worship is a synagogue or temple Basic beliefs: Obedience to the Torah and the Ten Commandments; obey Jewish traditions such as forgiveness, charity, keeping kosher, “holiness” and ritual holidays; believe the “messiah” is yet to come; afterlife earned through obedience to Torah and Talmud Christianity followers are called Christians developed from Judaism approx. 2000 years later began with teachings from Jesus Christ around 33 A.D. name of God is Jesus Christ its holy book is the Bible (Old and New Testament) Paul is considered a great leader / Jerusalem, Bethlehem, and Rome (Catholics) are holy cities / place of worship is a church Basic Beliefs: Jesus Christ is the Son of God and “messiah/savior”; obedience to the Ten Commandments; practice repentance, grace, forgiveness, baptism, and the Holy Spirit; afterlife earned through being “born again” Islam followers are called Muslims (Arabic language) founded in Saudi Arabia by an Arab leader named Muhammad around 600 A.D. name for God is Allah; holy book is the Koran (Arabic) Saladin and Suleiman the Magnificant are considered great leaders holy cities are Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem place of worship is called a mosque Basic Beliefs: Muhammad was God’s messenger; Practice Five Pillars of Islam: declaration of faith, daily prayer, fasting for Ramadan, charity to the poor, and pilgrimage to Mecca; afterlife earned through righteous works