Download Circle the correct underlined term(s)

PLANTS STUDY GUIDE
Topics:
I. Plant Organs
What are the three main organs in a plant? Roots, Stems, Leaves
Leaf
What is a leaf? A basic plant organ attached to the stem that serves as the site for
photosynthesis.
What is transpiration? The loss of water in a plant
What is photosynthesis? (in detail!)
The process where green plants use sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into
glucose (food for the plant) and oxygen (released).
Explain why photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complimentary processes
Photosynthesis Equation:
CO2 + H2O Sunlight C6H12O6 (Glucose) + O2
Cellular Respiration Equation:
C6H12O6 +O2  CO2 + O2 + Energy
What is the equation for photosynthesis? Photosynthesis Equation:
CO2 + H2O Sunlight C6H12O6 (Glucose) + O2
Define these leaf structures:
Stomata – Tiny openings on a leaf where gases like water vapor and carbon dioxide enter
and leave a plant
Guard Cells – Regulate the opening and closing of stomata
Chlorophyll – Pigment that traps sunlight and
makes plants green.
Epidermis – Top “skin” layer of a leaf.
Circle the correct underlined term(s) in the
following statement:
A plant that lives in the dry desert
contains fewer / more / the same amount
of stomata found on plants in more temperate climates.
***Be able to… label internal structure of a leaf!
~~Flowers~~
What is a flower? Reproductive structure of a plant
What is pollination? Transfer of pollen from one stamen to a pistil via wind, water,
pollinators
Define these terms
Stamen – Male part of the flower that is made up of a filament and anther.
Filamet – Holds the Anther up.
Anther – Houses pollen
Pollen – On the anther, pollen contains sperm
Pistil – Female part of the flower that is made up of the stima, style, and ovary
Style – The stalk of the pistil
Ovary – Part of the pistil that houses ovules and becomes the fruit
Ovules – Eggs contained in the ovary – becomes the seed.
Sepal – Leaf-like structures that protect the young bud of a flower.
Receptacle – Hold the reproductive structures of a flower up.
Petals
***Be able to…
label parts of the
flower!
Stem
What are the three important functions of stems?
Vascular transport, to produce leaves branches and flowers, and to hold up leaves toward
sunlight.
What structures transport materials through a plant? What transports sugar? What
transports water?
Phloem; Xylem
What is the difference between primary and secondary growth of stems?
Primary growth occurs at the ends of plants and increases the length. Secondary growth
occurs in the stems and increases the width.
Roots
What are the two main types of roots? How do they look? Taproot and Fibrous root
What are the two main functions of roots? Hold the plant in the ground; Transport water
and nutrients
**Be able to….label basic parts of a taproot!
II. Plant Tissues
What are the three main tissue systems in plants? Dermal, Vascular, Ground, Meristematic
Describe the function of each plant tissue
Dermal – Protective ‘skin’ tissue on the outside of plants.
Vascular – Tissue used for transport of materials; aka, xylem and phloem
Ground – Tissues that lie between dermal and vascular tissues.
What kind of plant tissue is responsible for plant growth? Where is this tissue?
Meristematic tissue is located at the tips of stems and roots.
Name the three processes that help water move up a plant.
Scientists call the explanation for how water moves through plants the cohesion-tension theory. It involves three
main factors:

Transpiration: Transpiration is the technical term for the evaporation of water from plants. As water
evaporates through the stomata in the leaves (or any part of the plant exposed to air), it creates a negative
pressure (also called tension or suction) in the leaves and tissues of the xylem.
The negative pressure exerts a pulling force on the water in the plant’s xylem and draws the water upward
(just like you draw water upward when you suck on a straw).


Cohesion: When water molecules stick to one another through cohesion, they fill the column in the xylem
and act as a huge single molecule of water (like water in a straw).
Capillary action: Capillary action is the movement of a liquid across the surface of a solid caused by
adhesion between the two. When you a place a tube in water, water automatically moves up the sides of the
tube because of adhesion, even before you apply any sucking force.
Sketch a tree and illustrate the direction of the water and nutrient flow inside. Label the
following: xylem, direction of water flow, phloem, direction of nutrient flow.
III. Seeds
What is Germination? The process by which a plant grows from a seed.
Flowering plants produce what two types of seeds? Monocots and Dicots
Create a chart comparing the characteristics of the two types of seeds:
FEATURE
Cotyledons
Leaf venation
Root system
Number of floral parts
Vascular bundle position
Woody or herbaceous
MONOCOTS
1
parallel
fibrous
In 3’s
scattered
Woody or herbaceous
DICOTS
2
broad
tap
4 and 5’s
In a circle
either
Seed parts – For each term— What are they? Where are they located? (Please see diagram.)
http://myzone.stormerhost.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/parts-of-aseed.jpg
Seed Coat- the protective outer cover of a seed
Cotyledon: A cotyledon is a significant part of the embryo within the seed of a plant.
Upon germination, the cotyledon usually becomes the embryonic first leaves of a seedling.
Embryo: A plant embryo is a young and developing plant.
Radicle: the part of a plant embryo that develops into the primary root.