Download Principles of Ecology - Rochester Community Schools

ECOLOGY Notes
(Chapter 2)
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships
Ecology
 Study of the natural relationships among
living organisms and the interactions the
organisms have with their environments.
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships
The Biosphere
 A thin layer around Earth
 Extends several kilometers above the
Earth’s surface
 Extends several kilometers below the
ocean’s surface
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships
The Biosphere
Does the biosphere include lava
near the core of the earth?
A. Yes
B. No
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships
Biotic Factors
 Living factors in an organism’s
environment
Symbiotic relationships
Abiotic Factors
 Nonliving factors in an
organism’s environment
Organisms adapt to
survive in the abiotic
factors present in their
natural environment.
Checkpoint Quiz
• On a half sheet of paper (with your name on
it) complete the following after watching the
following video:
– Independently identify 2 possible biotic factors
and 4 abiotic factors.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BbvBn3CgBTw
The humidity around the moss
growing on a rock.
A. Abiotic factor
B. Biotic factor
C. Neither one
Which of the following is abiotic?
A. A bee landing on a rose to collect pollen
B. The shade tree growing next to the rose
C. The amount of sun the rose gets per day
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships
Levels of Organization
 Levels increase in
complexity as the
numbers and
interactions between
organisms increase.
Biome
The photo shows an example of a
A. ecosystem
B. biosphere
C. organism
D. population
The photo shows an example of a
A. ecosystem
B. population
C. biosphere
D. organism
The two types of animals
gathering below are an example of
A. population
a
B. community
C. ecosystem
D. organism
CHECKPOINT QUIZ
• On the back of your half sheet of paper (with
your name on it) put the following into a flow
chart to show correct order of organization.
– (Go smallest to biggest.)
Biome
Ecosystem
Population
Organism
Biosphere
Community
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships
Ecosystem Interactions
 A habitat is an area
where an organism
lives.
 A niche is the role or
position that an
organism has in its
environment.
 Having unique niche
reduces competition
Which of the following describes a
niche?
A. A seagull floating on the surface of the
ocean
B. A worm decomposing dead leaf particles
in soil
C. A dead snail rotting on a rock in the
forest
Which picture shows a niche?
A. [Option 1]
B. [Option 2]
C. [Option 3]
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships
Community Interactions
 Competition
 Occurs when more than one organism
uses a resource at the same time
 Predation
 Many species get their food by eating other
organisms.
What is the difference between a
predator and a parasite?
A. Parasite kills then consumes; predator
feeds but doesn’t kill.
B. Predators and parasites eat the
organism after killing it.
C. Predators kill and eat; parasite eats
without killing.
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.1 Organisms and Their Relationships
Symbiotic Relationships
 The close relationship that exists when two
or more species live together
Species A
 Mutualism
 Commensalism
 Parasitism
 Competition
Species B
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem
Energy in an Ecosystem
 Autotrophs
 Organism that collects energy from sunlight or
inorganic substances to produce food
 Heterotrophs
 Organism that
gets it energy
requirements by
consuming other organisms
A lynx is a heterotroph.
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem
 Detritivores eat fragments of dead matter in an
ecosystem, and
return nutrients
to the soil, air,
and water where
the nutrients can
be reused by
organisms.
Fungus
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem
Models of Energy Flow
 Food chains and food webs model the energy
flow through an ecosystem.
 Each step in a food chain or food web is
called a trophic level.
Model
Ecosystems
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem
Food Chains
 A food chain is a
simple model that
shows how energy
flows through an
ecosystem.
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem
Food Webs
 A food web is a model
representing the many
interconnected food
chains and pathways
in which energy flows
through a group of
organisms.
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology
Chapter 2
Principles of Ecology