Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
LEARNING GOAL 4: ANALYZE THE CAUSES OF EUROPEAN EXPLORATION AND DESCRIBE HOW NEW ECONOMIC IDEAS CONTRIBUTED TO EUROPE’S EUROPEAN EXPLORATION Causes • The Crusades =more contact and interest in nonEuropean civilizations; specifically India, the Spice Islands (Mouluccas) , and China. • The Portuguese =1st to attempt a more direct route to India without using Ottoman middlemen. • Spanish (led by Columbus) look for a different route as well discover the Americas (New World). • (don’t write) Most people figured that the Earth was so big, Columbus would starve before he ever reached China. Columbus believed Earth was small, and he’d be fine. Effects • Portugal built a trading empire in Indian Ocean (&Brazil) • Spain conquered in the New World. • Trade in Africa shifted from Trans-Saharan to TransAtlantic with growth of slave trade EUROPEAN EXPANSION Causes • Desired wealth from the Indian Ocean Trade complex • 3G’s - God, Gold, Glory- (spread religion, want $$$, and want power) • Advances in navigation, ship-building and use of gunpowder weapons Why? Europeans wanted to find a way to establish a direct trade route with India and the East so they can buy spices and silks without having to pay Muslim middle-men (Ottomans) for it. $10 $5 CAUSES --MORE • • • • • Wealth of European monarchs to sponsor exploration ↓Chinese exploration allowed for ↑Europeans to take the forefront According to mercantilism economic theory, Europeans colonies =political pwr and econ. wealth. Asian goods (pepper, ginger, cloves and nutmeg )were $$$$$$$$, so Europeans wanted direct access to these products and the trade routes. Acquisition of knowledge from the Muslims and Chinese • EX. sternpost rudder, triangular lateen sail, magnetic compass, astrolabe and gunpowder Effects ▲trading network: colonial raw materials shipped to Europe, manufactured goods shipped to Africa, and slaves shipped to the Americas. RISE of European power worldwide Competition in European powers Growth of West African kingdoms (trading slaves for guns) Growth of capitalism ($$$$$ wealth became important not just land ownership) Growth of a European middle class & commercial revolution in Europe Trans-Atlantic slave trade provided labor in “New World” EFFECTS CONT…. • • • • • • • Decimation of indigenous populations in “New World” by disease and war Alteration of “New World” Cultures - religion, art, music with introduction of African slaves and European influences Spread of European culture languages, customs & Christianity ↑population in Europe supported by introduction of food like potatoes in Columbian Exchange Spread of guns, print materials, and scientific knowledge Europeans controlled transport of goods & key ports in Indian Ocean trade complex Global trade network developed INCA AND AZTEC EMPIRES IMPACTED BY EUROPEAN EXPLORATION/COLONIZATION • • • The greatest impact of European exploration and colonization was the decimation of the Aztec and Incan populations -- succumbed to disease. Europeans colonizers created a forced labor system, (encomienda ) which was a way of forcing Native Americans to work as slaves. Eventually the Catholic clergy protested against the cruelty of the system. THE GREAT AGE OF EXPLORATION: PART TWO http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?g uidAssetId=198D75B6-6641-41B2-83D30AF941BD532F Write in your notebook pg 65: Overall, do you think the Age of Exploration had a more positive or a more negative impact on the world as a whole? Why?”