Download Depressants Barbiturates CNS Depressants Opiates

Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs
Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs
Health Stats The graph shows the number of new
abusers of prescription pain relievers in each year since
1985.
Depressants
• A psychoactive drug that slows brain and body
reactions is called a depressant.
• Depressants slow body functions by decreasing
heart and breathing rates and lowering
blood pressure.
What factors do you think are responsible for the
increase in prescription drug abuse?
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Barbiturates
CNS Depressants
• One class of depressants is the barbiturates
(bahr BICH ur its) —also called sedative-hypnotics.
• A CNS depressant is a sedative that slows the
activity of the central nervous system (CNS).
• In small doses, barbiturates are sedatives—they
relax a person.
• CNS depressants
• slow nerve activity
• In high doses, barbiturates are hypnotics—they
induce sleep.
• relax muscle tension
• lower alertness
• cause drowsiness
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Opiates
• An opiate (OH pee it) is any drug made from
psychoactive compounds contained in the seed pods
of poppy plants.
• In small doses, opiates act to dull the senses, relieve
pain, and induce sleep.
• Heroin is an illegal opiate made from morphine in
a laboratory.
• Heroin is highly addictive.
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Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs
Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs
Stimulants
Amphetamines
• A stimulant is a drug that speeds up activities of the
central nervous system.
• Stimulants increase
• Amphetamines (am FET uh meenz) are
prescription drugs that are sometimes sold illegally
as “speed” or “uppers.”
• Amphetamine abuse produces feelings of well-being
and high energy.
• heart rate
• blood pressure
• The effects wear off quickly and the abuser is often
left feeling depressed.
• breathing rate
• alertness
• Physicians sometimes prescribe certain stimulants to
treat sleep disorders and behavioral disorders.
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Methamphetamine
• A stimulant that is related to amphetamines, but is
even more powerful, is methamphetamine.
• Methamphetamine initially produces a rush, or
“high.”
• But,
after the rush wears off, the user may become
• confused
• shaky
• anxious
• irritable
• violent
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Cocaine
• Cocaine is a powerful but short-acting stimulant.
• Cocaine is highly addictive.
• When cocaine’s effects wear off, abusers often
experience depression, which can be severe.
• Crack is the strongest form of cocaine.
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Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs
Hallucinogens
LSD
• A hallucinogen (huh LOO sih nuh jun) is a drug that
distorts perception, thought, and mood.
• The strongest known hallucinogen is lysergic acid
diethylamide, or LSD.
• Hallucinogens overload the brain with sensory
information, causing a distorted sense of reality.
• LSD’s effects are unpredictable—it can either
stimulate or depress the central nervous system.
• Abusers
• Abusers experience hallucinations in which they may
see colorful visions and mistakenly feel they have
superhuman powers.
• cannot tell what is real
• may experience memory loss and
personality changes
• may be unable to perform normal activities
• may lose track of time and their surroundings
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Psilocybin
PCP
• Another hallucinogen is psilocybin
(sil uh sy bin)—sometimes called “shrooms.”
• One of the most dangerous of all drugs is PCP, short
for phencyclidine.
• Psilocybin is a chemical found in a certain type
of mushroom.
• Because the drug eliminates the sensation of pain,
abusers may unintentionally injure or even
kill themselves.
• The effects of psilocybin are much like those of LSD,
but not as strong.
• Some PCP abusers develop signs of schizophrenia.
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Marijuana
Effects of Marijuana
Marijuana
(mar uh WAH nuh) is
the leaves, stems,
and flowering tops of
the hemp plant
Cannabis sativa.
• Marijuana is one of the most frequently abused
psychoactive drugs.
• Its main ingredient changes the way information
reaches and is acted upon by the brain.
• Side effects of marijuana use include
• distorted perceptions
• difficulties with thinking and problem solving
• loss of motor coordination
• increased heart rate
• feelings of anxiety or paranoia
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Marijuana and Driving
A Gateway to Other Drugs
• Users often feel sleepy or drowsy.
• Marijuana use can make it difficult to judge distances
and react quickly to signals and sounds on the road.
• Marijuana use is often a gateway to using other
“harder” drugs, such as cocaine.
• As marijuana users build up tolerance, they may
seek out other drugs to experience the “high” they
first got from marijuana.
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Club Drugs, Inhalants, and Steroids
Club Drugs
• Three classes of drugs that are of growing concern in
recent years are club drugs, inhalants, and anabolic
steroids.
• The effects of club drugs and inhalants are extremely
unpredictable and dangerous.
• Abuse of steroids causes lifelong damage to the
body and brain.
• Club drugs got their name from the fact that they
first gained popularity at dance clubs and raves.
• Their effects are different from person to person and
very dangerous.
• While under the effects of rohypnol (roh HYP nawl), a
person may be hurt or raped and not even be able to
recall the event later on.
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Inhalants
Anabolic Steroids
A breathable chemical vapor that produces mind-altering
effects is called an inhalant (in HAYL unt).
• Anabolic steroids are synthetic drugs that are similar
to the hormone testosterone.
• Steroids are abused primarily by people who want
bigger muscles.
• Steroids can make a user’s personality very
aggressive.
• Some steroid users become severely depressed.
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