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Transcript
Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Health Stats The graph shows the number of new abusers of prescription pain relievers in each year since 1985. Depressants • A psychoactive drug that slows brain and body reactions is called a depressant. • Depressants slow body functions by decreasing heart and breathing rates and lowering blood pressure. What factors do you think are responsible for the increase in prescription drug abuse? Slide 1 of 31 Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Slide 2 of 31 Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Barbiturates CNS Depressants • One class of depressants is the barbiturates (bahr BICH ur its) —also called sedative-hypnotics. • A CNS depressant is a sedative that slows the activity of the central nervous system (CNS). • In small doses, barbiturates are sedatives—they relax a person. • CNS depressants • slow nerve activity • In high doses, barbiturates are hypnotics—they induce sleep. • relax muscle tension • lower alertness • cause drowsiness Slide 3 of 31 Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Slide 4 of 31 Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Opiates • An opiate (OH pee it) is any drug made from psychoactive compounds contained in the seed pods of poppy plants. • In small doses, opiates act to dull the senses, relieve pain, and induce sleep. • Heroin is an illegal opiate made from morphine in a laboratory. • Heroin is highly addictive. Slide 5 of 31 Slide 6 of 31 1 Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Stimulants Amphetamines • A stimulant is a drug that speeds up activities of the central nervous system. • Stimulants increase • Amphetamines (am FET uh meenz) are prescription drugs that are sometimes sold illegally as “speed” or “uppers.” • Amphetamine abuse produces feelings of well-being and high energy. • heart rate • blood pressure • The effects wear off quickly and the abuser is often left feeling depressed. • breathing rate • alertness • Physicians sometimes prescribe certain stimulants to treat sleep disorders and behavioral disorders. Slide 7 of 31 Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Slide 8 of 31 Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Methamphetamine • A stimulant that is related to amphetamines, but is even more powerful, is methamphetamine. • Methamphetamine initially produces a rush, or “high.” • But, after the rush wears off, the user may become • confused • shaky • anxious • irritable • violent Slide 9 of 31 Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Slide 10 of 31 Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Cocaine • Cocaine is a powerful but short-acting stimulant. • Cocaine is highly addictive. • When cocaine’s effects wear off, abusers often experience depression, which can be severe. • Crack is the strongest form of cocaine. Slide 11 of 31 Slide 12 of 31 2 Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Hallucinogens LSD • A hallucinogen (huh LOO sih nuh jun) is a drug that distorts perception, thought, and mood. • The strongest known hallucinogen is lysergic acid diethylamide, or LSD. • Hallucinogens overload the brain with sensory information, causing a distorted sense of reality. • LSD’s effects are unpredictable—it can either stimulate or depress the central nervous system. • Abusers • Abusers experience hallucinations in which they may see colorful visions and mistakenly feel they have superhuman powers. • cannot tell what is real • may experience memory loss and personality changes • may be unable to perform normal activities • may lose track of time and their surroundings Slide 13 of 31 Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Slide 14 of 31 Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Psilocybin PCP • Another hallucinogen is psilocybin (sil uh sy bin)—sometimes called “shrooms.” • One of the most dangerous of all drugs is PCP, short for phencyclidine. • Psilocybin is a chemical found in a certain type of mushroom. • Because the drug eliminates the sensation of pain, abusers may unintentionally injure or even kill themselves. • The effects of psilocybin are much like those of LSD, but not as strong. • Some PCP abusers develop signs of schizophrenia. Slide 15 of 31 Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Slide 16 of 31 Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Marijuana Effects of Marijuana Marijuana (mar uh WAH nuh) is the leaves, stems, and flowering tops of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. • Marijuana is one of the most frequently abused psychoactive drugs. • Its main ingredient changes the way information reaches and is acted upon by the brain. • Side effects of marijuana use include • distorted perceptions • difficulties with thinking and problem solving • loss of motor coordination • increased heart rate • feelings of anxiety or paranoia Slide 17 of 31 Slide 18 of 31 3 Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Marijuana and Driving A Gateway to Other Drugs • Users often feel sleepy or drowsy. • Marijuana use can make it difficult to judge distances and react quickly to signals and sounds on the road. • Marijuana use is often a gateway to using other “harder” drugs, such as cocaine. • As marijuana users build up tolerance, they may seek out other drugs to experience the “high” they first got from marijuana. Slide 19 of 31 Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Slide 20 of 31 Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Club Drugs, Inhalants, and Steroids Club Drugs • Three classes of drugs that are of growing concern in recent years are club drugs, inhalants, and anabolic steroids. • The effects of club drugs and inhalants are extremely unpredictable and dangerous. • Abuse of steroids causes lifelong damage to the body and brain. • Club drugs got their name from the fact that they first gained popularity at dance clubs and raves. • Their effects are different from person to person and very dangerous. • While under the effects of rohypnol (roh HYP nawl), a person may be hurt or raped and not even be able to recall the event later on. Slide 21 of 31 Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Slide 22 of 31 Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Inhalants Anabolic Steroids A breathable chemical vapor that produces mind-altering effects is called an inhalant (in HAYL unt). • Anabolic steroids are synthetic drugs that are similar to the hormone testosterone. • Steroids are abused primarily by people who want bigger muscles. • Steroids can make a user’s personality very aggressive. • Some steroid users become severely depressed. Slide 23 of 31 Slide 24 of 31 4 Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Section 17.3 Commonly Abused Drugs Slide 25 of 31 Slide 26 of 31 5