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Chapter 7 Section 4 War with Greece pgs. 184-188 The Battle of Marathon The Battle of Marathon • In 499 BC the Greek city-states in Asia Minor rebelled against the Persians. • Athens and a few other city-states sent an army to help the Greeks in Asia Minor. • Persia put down the rebellion, but Darius was very angry with the Greeks for trying to rebel. • In 490 BC, Darius and his army sailed to the plain of Marathon near Athens. The Battle of Marathon • The Persian army had 20,000 and the Athenian army had 10,000. • The Athenians stayed hidden and planned their strategy. They would wait in the hills, and attack the Persians the next day. • When it was time to attack, the Athenians formed a long line, and ran full speed toward the Persians. It look foolish but it worked. The Battle of Marathon • The Persians did well in the center of the line, but on the ends the Athenians were too strong. • They attacked both sides, trapping them and then drawing together like pincers. • The Persians lost the battle, and suffered major losses. • According to Greek legend, a runner named Pheidippides ran back to Athens (+25 miles). He said one word, “victory” then collapsed and died. • We get the name for our marathons for this story. (26.2) The Battle of Thermopylae The Battle of Thermopylae • Darius died before he could take revenge on the Greeks. His son Xerxes became king, and decided to continue the conflict with Greece. • In 480 BC the Persian army attacked Greece again, crossing Asia Minor to Greece through a straight called Hellespoint. • Xerxes had his men build bridges across Hellespoint. They laid planks across two long lines of Persian ships to make these bridges. • But a storm destroyed the bridges before they could finish. The Battle of Thermopylae • Xerxes was so angry that he killed the engineers who designed the bridges. • He also ordered the soldiers to beat the water with 300 lashes. • When Xerxes finally calmed down, the bridges were rebuilt and they marched across the into Greece. • Sparta, another Greek city-state helped Athens in fighting the Persians. Sparta had a very strong military. The Battle of Thermopylae • The Greeks decided to position themselves at Thermopylae. • At first it looked like they were going to push the Persians back, but a Greek traitor showed the Persians another path through the mountains. • Before long, the Greeks were surrounded. They fought till the end, but were defeated. • The Persians marched to Athens and burned down the entire city. The Battle of Salamis The Battle of Salamis • The Greeks were not ready to give up. • A Greek general Themistocles had a plan to defeat Persia. • Themistocles knew the Greeks had smaller and faster ships than the Persians. • If the Greeks trapped the Persian ships, they could win. • The straight between the island of Salamis and Greece was where Themistocles decided to attack . The Battle of Salamis • The Greeks lured the Persians in with a false report that the Greeks were trying to escape. • The battle began in the morning where sea breezes created strong waves. The Persian ships struggled. • The Greeks then launched their ships from the beach of Salamis and rammed the Persian ships, sinking many of them. • During the next year, the Greeks fought one more battle with the Persians in Plataea. The Battle of Salamis • Many Persians were killed, and in the end, the Persians had to admit defeat. • Xerxes pulled the last Persian troops out of Greece and went home. • The wars between the Persians and Greeks are known as the Persian wars. • Although Persia lost, it still remained powerful for more than a century. In the Bible • Read and Discuss Xerxes and Esther pg. 188 Discussion Questions 1. What events led to the wars between Persia and Greece? 2. Which side own each of the 3 major battles? Homework • WB page 107-108