Download NOTES - islam - World History with Miss Bunnell

World History
Teacher: Miss Bunnell
The History of Islam
The First Arabs
 The Arabs were _____________ who, because of their hostile surroundings,
moved constantly to find water and food.
o They formed tribes to help one another.
 Arabs traveled between _____________ and rain-fed areas.
o After the domestication of the __________ they were able to travel
more throughout the desert.
 Towns and trade routes developed along the _________________________,
and Arabs became known for transporting goods between the Indian Ocean
and the Mediterranean Sea.
o However, tensions arose as increasingly wealthy merchants showed
little concern for the poor people or slaves.
 Arabs were polytheistic, meaning they believed in many gods.
 They all worshipped a massive black meteorite, the ___________________,
that was a symbol of their sacred beliefs.
World History
Teacher: Miss Bunnell
The History of Islam
Muhammad: The Founder of Islam
 570: Born in _____________, and orphaned at age five.
 Although he married into a wealthy merchant family, over time Muhammad
became troubles by the greediness of the wealthy, and the growing gap
between the rich and the poor.
 610: Muhammad believed the Angel ____________ spoke to him.
o Gabriel told Muhammad that he was to deliver the messages and
revelations of _____________________ to the Arabic tribes.
 Muhammad had knowledge of the Jewish and Christian monotheistic
beliefs. He knew that Allah (God) had already spoken to the people through
_______________ such as Moses and Jesus.
o Muhammad believed that Allah’s teachings were now being given to
him.
 622: Local merchants in Mecca resented Muhammad’s growing influence,
and fearing for his life (and his followers) he fled to ________________.
o Known as “Hijrah” in the Muslim calendar.
 While in Medina he became a very popular religious leader, especially
among the people known as the Bedouin.
World History
Teacher: Miss Bunnell
The History of Islam
 630: Muhammad returned to Mecca with an __________ to recapture the
city.
o Muhammad saw _______________________ between religion and
politics. Submitting to God was for faith and government.
 632: Muhammad became ill and ___________.
 By the time of his death, most Arabian tribes had converted to Islam.
Basic Beliefs of Islam
 _____________________________
o One God, called “Allah”
 Emphasizes ___________________ and offers hope of an afterlife.
 Muhammad is a ______________, like Moses, and Allah sent His message
to Muhammad because there were still unbelievers in the world.
The Quran
 What is it? The sacred text of Islam
 What does it say?
o Believed to be the ________________________ revealed to
Muhammad.
o Has 114 chapters.
o Discusses forms of worship, proper behavior, and religious beliefs.
World History
Teacher: Miss Bunnell
The History of Islam
 The Quran contains many references to ___________ and ______________
 Muslims are supposed to treat Jews & Christians with _______________
since they worship the _____________________.
 Muslims believe in a concept called “___________,” which translates as
“striving in the way of God,” or “__________________________________
_______________________.”
 This refers to the triumph of Islam and Allah’s word in the world, however,
its meaning has been debated throughout modern times.
 “Jihad” is sometimes used as justification for _________________________
who claim they are struggling against the non-believers of the world.
o Scholars argue that the true meaning is distorted and misused.
World History
Teacher: Miss Bunnell
The History of Islam
Five Pillars of Islam
1) Faith: ________________________________________________________
2) Prayer: _______________________________________________________
3) Charity: ______________________________________________________
4) Fasting: ______________________________________________________
5) Pilgrimage: ___________________________________________________
 Values
 Condemns
o _________________________
o _____________________
o Be kind to neighbors
o _____________________
o Protect widows and orphans
o _____________________
o _________________________
o _____________________
 Forbids
 Regulates
o Gambling
o _____________________
o Pork
o Divorce
o Alcohol
o Inheritance
o Business
World History
Teacher: Miss Bunnell
The History of Islam
The Rise of Islam
 When Muhammad died, a group of Muslim leaders chose a new leader,
__________________.
o Muhammad had several daughters, but no ___________
o The leader is called a “___________,” which means “successor to
Muhammad.”
 The caliphs lead the Arabs on missions to spread the Islamic faith and
conquer land in the name of Allah.
 640: Took the Byzantine province of ______________
 642: Took the areas of _________________________
 650: Took the entire ________________ empire
World History
Teacher: Miss Bunnell
The History of Islam
Islam’s Treatment of Conquered People
 Non-believers were either made to ____________ or be _______________
 Interactions between Jews, Christians, and Muslims were ______________
 Jews & Christians were treated with respect.
o ___________________________ and regulating
o Organized their own schools and local laws
o Paid special _______________
The Split of Islam
 Despite Arab success, many non-Arab Muslims did not like the way
administrators favored the Arabs.
 Growing territory also made it difficult for the caliphate to effectively rule
the entire Muslim empire.
 A son-in-law of Muhammad led a revolt in 680 to demand changes in
Islamic leadership.
o His warriors abandoned him, and all 72 died.
 Suddenly there was conflict over who should rightfully rule over Islam.
World History
Teacher: Miss Bunnell
The History of Islam
_____________ Muslims
____________ Muslims
 Accept the __________________
leaders as caliph.
 Believe only the __________________
of Muhammad should be caliph.
 Began with the Umayyad family,
and later switched to the
Abbasid family.
 Majority of the world are
___________ Muslims.
 Most Shia’s live in __________ &
____________  the radical groups.
Islam’s Golden Age of Culture
 During the reign of the Abbasid family.
 Broke down the differences between Arabs and other cultures.
 Allowed __________________________ to participate in government,
intermarry, and work in business.
 The city of ________________ became the center of a large trading network
 Culture: A blend of Greek, Roman, Persian, Jewish, and Byzantine.
World History
Teacher: Miss Bunnell
The History of Islam
 Mathematics:
o Concept of _____________
o ______________________________
o Advances in algebra and geometry
 Medicine:
o Discovered that blood flowed ____________________ the heart.
o Diagnosed diseases like measles and small pox.
 Architecture:
o _________________ and palaces
o Mosaics and geometrics designs
 Arts & Crafts:
o Geometric stars and flowers
o Textiles, leather, rugs, and rich colors