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World History Teacher: Miss Bunnell The History of Islam The First Arabs The Arabs were _____________ who, because of their hostile surroundings, moved constantly to find water and food. o They formed tribes to help one another. Arabs traveled between _____________ and rain-fed areas. o After the domestication of the __________ they were able to travel more throughout the desert. Towns and trade routes developed along the _________________________, and Arabs became known for transporting goods between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. o However, tensions arose as increasingly wealthy merchants showed little concern for the poor people or slaves. Arabs were polytheistic, meaning they believed in many gods. They all worshipped a massive black meteorite, the ___________________, that was a symbol of their sacred beliefs. World History Teacher: Miss Bunnell The History of Islam Muhammad: The Founder of Islam 570: Born in _____________, and orphaned at age five. Although he married into a wealthy merchant family, over time Muhammad became troubles by the greediness of the wealthy, and the growing gap between the rich and the poor. 610: Muhammad believed the Angel ____________ spoke to him. o Gabriel told Muhammad that he was to deliver the messages and revelations of _____________________ to the Arabic tribes. Muhammad had knowledge of the Jewish and Christian monotheistic beliefs. He knew that Allah (God) had already spoken to the people through _______________ such as Moses and Jesus. o Muhammad believed that Allah’s teachings were now being given to him. 622: Local merchants in Mecca resented Muhammad’s growing influence, and fearing for his life (and his followers) he fled to ________________. o Known as “Hijrah” in the Muslim calendar. While in Medina he became a very popular religious leader, especially among the people known as the Bedouin. World History Teacher: Miss Bunnell The History of Islam 630: Muhammad returned to Mecca with an __________ to recapture the city. o Muhammad saw _______________________ between religion and politics. Submitting to God was for faith and government. 632: Muhammad became ill and ___________. By the time of his death, most Arabian tribes had converted to Islam. Basic Beliefs of Islam _____________________________ o One God, called “Allah” Emphasizes ___________________ and offers hope of an afterlife. Muhammad is a ______________, like Moses, and Allah sent His message to Muhammad because there were still unbelievers in the world. The Quran What is it? The sacred text of Islam What does it say? o Believed to be the ________________________ revealed to Muhammad. o Has 114 chapters. o Discusses forms of worship, proper behavior, and religious beliefs. World History Teacher: Miss Bunnell The History of Islam The Quran contains many references to ___________ and ______________ Muslims are supposed to treat Jews & Christians with _______________ since they worship the _____________________. Muslims believe in a concept called “___________,” which translates as “striving in the way of God,” or “__________________________________ _______________________.” This refers to the triumph of Islam and Allah’s word in the world, however, its meaning has been debated throughout modern times. “Jihad” is sometimes used as justification for _________________________ who claim they are struggling against the non-believers of the world. o Scholars argue that the true meaning is distorted and misused. World History Teacher: Miss Bunnell The History of Islam Five Pillars of Islam 1) Faith: ________________________________________________________ 2) Prayer: _______________________________________________________ 3) Charity: ______________________________________________________ 4) Fasting: ______________________________________________________ 5) Pilgrimage: ___________________________________________________ Values Condemns o _________________________ o _____________________ o Be kind to neighbors o _____________________ o Protect widows and orphans o _____________________ o _________________________ o _____________________ Forbids Regulates o Gambling o _____________________ o Pork o Divorce o Alcohol o Inheritance o Business World History Teacher: Miss Bunnell The History of Islam The Rise of Islam When Muhammad died, a group of Muslim leaders chose a new leader, __________________. o Muhammad had several daughters, but no ___________ o The leader is called a “___________,” which means “successor to Muhammad.” The caliphs lead the Arabs on missions to spread the Islamic faith and conquer land in the name of Allah. 640: Took the Byzantine province of ______________ 642: Took the areas of _________________________ 650: Took the entire ________________ empire World History Teacher: Miss Bunnell The History of Islam Islam’s Treatment of Conquered People Non-believers were either made to ____________ or be _______________ Interactions between Jews, Christians, and Muslims were ______________ Jews & Christians were treated with respect. o ___________________________ and regulating o Organized their own schools and local laws o Paid special _______________ The Split of Islam Despite Arab success, many non-Arab Muslims did not like the way administrators favored the Arabs. Growing territory also made it difficult for the caliphate to effectively rule the entire Muslim empire. A son-in-law of Muhammad led a revolt in 680 to demand changes in Islamic leadership. o His warriors abandoned him, and all 72 died. Suddenly there was conflict over who should rightfully rule over Islam. World History Teacher: Miss Bunnell The History of Islam _____________ Muslims ____________ Muslims Accept the __________________ leaders as caliph. Believe only the __________________ of Muhammad should be caliph. Began with the Umayyad family, and later switched to the Abbasid family. Majority of the world are ___________ Muslims. Most Shia’s live in __________ & ____________ the radical groups. Islam’s Golden Age of Culture During the reign of the Abbasid family. Broke down the differences between Arabs and other cultures. Allowed __________________________ to participate in government, intermarry, and work in business. The city of ________________ became the center of a large trading network Culture: A blend of Greek, Roman, Persian, Jewish, and Byzantine. World History Teacher: Miss Bunnell The History of Islam Mathematics: o Concept of _____________ o ______________________________ o Advances in algebra and geometry Medicine: o Discovered that blood flowed ____________________ the heart. o Diagnosed diseases like measles and small pox. Architecture: o _________________ and palaces o Mosaics and geometrics designs Arts & Crafts: o Geometric stars and flowers o Textiles, leather, rugs, and rich colors