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Chapter 9 Section 3 – Greek Mythology and Literature Mythology (pg. 269) Key Terms A body of stories about gods and heroes that try to explain how the world works Homer (pg. 272) A Greek poet who wrote the Iliad and Odyssey, epic poems that describe the deeds of heroes during and after the Trojan War Sappho (pg. 273) A Greek poet, she was one of the most famous lyric poets of Greece Aesop (pg. 273) An Ancient Greek storyteller, famous for his fables Fables (pg. 273) Short stories that teach the reader lessons about life or give advise on how to live Myths Explain the World (pg. 269) The ancient Greeks were polytheistic. Their gods were at the center of Greek mythology. Greek Gods The ancient Greeks believed their gods caused all events to happen, and created myths to explain the gods’ actions. Gods and Mythology The Greeks saw the work of the gods in events all around them, from natural disasters to events in their daily lives. To keep the gods happy, the Greeks built temples all around Greece. To get the advice of the gods, Greeks went to an oracle such as the Oracle at Delphi. Heroes and Mythology Many myths were about great heroes such as Theseus, Jason and Hercules Ancient Greek Literature (pg. 272) Greeks created many works of literature. Homer and Epic Poetry Among the earliest Greek writings were two great epic poems, the Iliad and Odyssey, written by Homer. The Iliad tells the story of the last years of the Trojan War. The Odyssey describes the journey of Odysseus back to his home. Homer’s poems influenced later writers who copied his writing styles and borrowed some of ideas. Lyric Poetry Lyric poets wrote poems set to music. The most famous lyric poet was a woman names Sappho who wrote poems about love and relationships with friends and family. Fables Aesop is famous for his fables. IN Aesop’s fables, animals are the main characters and talk and act like humans. Two famous fables are The Ants and the Grasshopper and, The Tortoise and the Hare”. Greek Literature Lives (pg. 274) Greek Literature has influenced modern language, literature, and art. Language Many English words come from Greek mythology, such as odyssey and titanic. Many places are names for figures in Greek myths, such as Athens, the Atlas Mountains, Aegean Sea, the continent of Europe and Jupiter’s moon Io. Literature and the Arts Greek myths have inspired artists for centuries Painters and sculptors created images of gods Writers have retold ancient stories Modern moviemakers have made films of Greek heroes like Hercules Greek references are common in popular culture Sports teams named for characters in Greek myths (Titans & Trojans) Businesses use imagery from mythology (FTD florists)