* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Alfred Kinsey
Sex-positive feminism wikipedia , lookup
Sexual addiction wikipedia , lookup
Sexual objectification wikipedia , lookup
Sexual racism wikipedia , lookup
Incest taboo wikipedia , lookup
Exploitation of women in mass media wikipedia , lookup
Sexual slavery wikipedia , lookup
Penile plethysmograph wikipedia , lookup
Sexual stimulation wikipedia , lookup
Sexual dysfunction wikipedia , lookup
Ages of consent in South America wikipedia , lookup
Sexual fluidity wikipedia , lookup
Human mating strategies wikipedia , lookup
Age of consent wikipedia , lookup
Ego-dystonic sexual orientation wikipedia , lookup
Homosexuality wikipedia , lookup
Sexual selection wikipedia , lookup
Sexual abstinence wikipedia , lookup
Human male sexuality wikipedia , lookup
Erotic plasticity wikipedia , lookup
Sex in advertising wikipedia , lookup
Sexual reproduction wikipedia , lookup
Sexological testing wikipedia , lookup
Human sexual response cycle wikipedia , lookup
History of homosexuality wikipedia , lookup
Rochdale child sex abuse ring wikipedia , lookup
Sex and sexuality in speculative fiction wikipedia , lookup
Catholic theology of sexuality wikipedia , lookup
Homosexualities: A Study of Diversity Among Men and Women wikipedia , lookup
Heterosexuality wikipedia , lookup
Lesbian sexual practices wikipedia , lookup
Sexual ethics wikipedia , lookup
Sexual attraction wikipedia , lookup
Slut-shaming wikipedia , lookup
Human female sexuality wikipedia , lookup
Pioneers of the Sexual Revolution: Alfred Kinsey (1894 – 1956) Margaret Sanger (1879 – 1966) What WAS the Sexual Revolution? A period of time from 1960 to the 1980’s which brought about profound social change in the attitudes toward women’s sexuality, homosexuality, pre-marital sexuality, nudity, and the freedom of sexual expression in Western Culture. How did this happen? Alfred Kinsey (1894-1956) American biologist, professor of entomology and zoology. Founded the Institute for Sex Research at Indiana University in 1947, now known as the Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction. Most famous for the Kinsey Report and the Kinsey Scale Alfred Kinsey and his study of Gall Wasps As Kinsey’s academic background was in entomology, he was an expert on gall wasps. Kinsey discovered among his collection of tens of thousands of gall wasps, that there was the presence of subtle variation. across all specimens. Kinsey Conducts Massive Study on Human Sexual Experiences In his attempt to catalogue the sexual experiences of modern Americans, Kinsey’s research team interviews over 10,000 individuals. Kinsey collected the “sexual histories” of his research participants, which were structured questionnaires. The Kinsey Reports The Kinsey Reports are two books on human sexual behavior, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948), and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953). The findings caused shock and outrage in the general public, but are associated with a broader change in societal perception of sexuality. Age, social-economic status and religious adherence influence sexual behavior! The Kinsey Reports (cont’d) One particular finding in the Sexual Behavior in the Human Male is that, according to Kinsey’s data, a major portion of the male population has at least some homosexual experience between adolescence and old age. In addition, about 60 per cent of the preadolescent boys engage in homosexual activities. Kinsey’s Sexual Behavior in the Human Female Based on personal interviews with nearly 6,000 women. Kinsey's evidence suggested that women were less sexually active than men in all aspects of sexual life but that they were still more sexual than traditional views allowed. Ultimately, Kinsey felt that both men's and women's sexuality seemed shaped, not merely repressed, by social and cultural forces. Kinsey Scale According to Kinsey: “Males do not represent two discrete populations, heterosexual and homosexual. The world is not to be divided into sheep and goats. It is a fundamental of taxonomy that nature rarely deals with discrete categories... The living world is a continuum in each and every one of its aspects.” (What do YOU think?) Kinsey Scale (cont’d) Attempts to describe a person's sexual history or episodes of their sexual activity at a given time. It uses a scale from 0, meaning exclusively heterosexual, to 6, meaning exclusively homosexual. In both the Male and Female volumes of the Kinsey Reports. Kinsey Scale (cont’d) Who is Margaret Sanger? (1879-1966) *Sex educator and nurse. *An American birth control activist; popularized the term birth control. * Established organizations that evolved into the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. Margaret Sanger and “The Pill” Sanger was largely responsible for the development of the first combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP), first approved by the FDA for contraceptive use in the United States in 1960. Its use spread rapidly in the late part of the 1960’s which generated an enormous social change. But First… “EUGENICS” Before our discussion about the birth control pill, it is useful to explore the background of Eugenics. So, what was this social movement all about? Eugenics: a social movement during the 19th/early 20th Century which sought to improve the genetic features of human populations through selective breeding and sterilization. Through selective breeding, the human species should direct its own evolution. “Superior” vs. “Inferior” blood. Eugenics (cont’d) Eugenics is now generally associated with racist and nativist elements, as the movement was to some extent a reaction to a change in emigration from Europe rather than scientific genetics. Eugenics largely influenced the thinking behind the Nazi Holocaust. Margaret Sanger and Eugenics Margaret Sanger was a supported of Eugenics as they both sought to “assist the race toward to elimination of the unfit” Sanger was a proponent of negative eugenics, which aims to improve human hereditary traits through social intervention by reducing the reproduction of those who were considered unfit. “The Pill” (cont’d) More effective than any other previous birth-control method, which gave women unprecedented control over their fertility. The choice to take the pill was a private one and required no special preparations at the time of sexual activity that might interfere with spontaneity. The 1960’s, Sex, and Social Norms The Pill divorced contraception from the act of intercourse itself, and sex became more socially acceptable outside the rigid boundaries of heterosexual marriage. Although conservatism was still present, liberalism enjoyed a widespread revival, which helped to facilitate the climate in which the 'sexual revolution' took place. Before the pill was introduced many women did not look for long term jobs. Women and the Labor Force The pill was a primary mechanism in forming women's modern economic role, in that it prolonged the age at which women first married allowing them to invest in education and other forms of human capital, as well as generally become more career-oriented. Soon after the birth control pill was legalized, there was a sharp increase in college attendance and graduation rates for women. Science and Technology: Agents of Social Change How have other studies on sexuality/human behavior, and/or technological developments changed the broader social attitudes or “narratives” in society about morality? (ab)normality? Examples?