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Sexuality What does Sociology study about sex? © Robert J. Atkins, Ph.D. 1 © Robert J. Atkins, Ph.D. 2 Why study sex sociologically? Important and controversial People do not understand sexually very well Part of many areas of social life 3 What do we learn from comparative (Global) Research? The more global our view of sexuality, the more variety we see. Comparative research shows sex varies from culture to culture & place to place – meanings, positions, frequency, taboos, etc. 4 What was the effect of Kinsey’s Research? 1940’s - 1950’s Sexual Behavior in the Human Male Sexual Behavior in the Human Female Set the stage for the sexual revolution Defined sexuality as a proper focus of scientific study Showed people were less conventional than assumed Created a new openness toward sexuality 5 Current organizations & journals The Kinsey institute The Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality Journal of Sex Research Advances in Sexuality Research American Sexuality Archives of Sexual Behavior Journal of Sexual Medicine Journal of Homosexuality Many others 6 Do you remember? Why does Sociology study sex? What did we learn from comparative research? What was the effect of Kinsey’s research? 7 What causes homosexuality? Kinsey’s continuum Most evidence indicates sexual orientation is rooted in human biology Biological explanations Simon LeVay Hormones Chromosomes (Twins studies) Social Explanations (Society plays some role) 8 What sexual variations exist? Intersex Transsexuals “Trapped in the other gender’s body” Transvestites Combination of female and male genitalia Intersex Society of North America (Covering 16 different conditions) “Cross dressing” Genetic variations 9 How does society deal with prostitution? Often seen as a victimless crime Often not simply a personal choice between adults Women subjected to violence Increases spread of STD’s Many poor women become trapped into selling sex 10 Prostitution Common in low-income countries where women have fewer economic opportunities Hierarchy of prostitution Elite (top) = Call girls (or escorts) Young attractive, well educated Bottom = Street walkers Against the law everywhere in US except for some counties in Nevada Legalizing prostitution 11 Do you remember? What causes homosexuality? What sexual variations exist? Where is prostitution most common? 12 Are rape statistics accurate? Often not reported to police Official statistics include only women victims. Most men who rape men are not homosexual 13 What are some false beliefs about rape? Committed between strangers Victim encouraged their attackers Motive is simply a desire for sex 14 How is birth control related to social norms? As society gains birth control, social norms regarding sexuality become more permissive. 15 What do we know about teen pregnancy? Teenage women with low incomes and weak families have the highest probability of pregnancy. 16 Do you remember? Why are rape statistics often not accurate? What are some false beliefs about rape? What is the background of teenagers how are most apt to become pregnant? 17 18