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Leader: Course: Instructor: Date: Unit 5 Exam Review Supplemental Instruction Iowa State University Paige Stieneke BIOL 256 Dr. Karri Haen May 2, 2013 120 Questions on the final exam: 65 questions will be from Unit 5 (including pictures), 55 questions will be from Units 1-4 1. Chief cells a. Produce pepsinogen b. Produce mucin c. Produce HCl d. Are found in the intestine 2. Chyme is created in the a. Small intestine b. Esophagus c. Stomach d. Mouth e. Large intestine 3. Nervous control of gastric secretion is provided by: a. The spinothalamic tract b. The vagus nerve and enteric plexus c. Somatic neurons in the spinal cord d. The reticulospinal and vestibulospinal tracts 4. Which of the following is NOT true of saliva? a. Moistens food and aids in compacting of the bolus b. Dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted c. Cleanses the mouth d. Contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins 5. Saliva functions as a a. pH buffer b. Lubricant c. Regulator of digestion d. Major source of digestive enzymes 6. In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach a. Is the first site where protein absorption takes place b. Is the first site where chemical digestion of starch takes place c. Is the only place where fats are completely digested d. Initiates protein chemical digestion and denatures proteins Supplemental Instruction 1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center 294-6624 www.si.iastate.edu 7. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach? a. Chief cells b. Serous cells c. Parietal cells d. Mucous neck cells 8. Hepatocytes do NOT a. Produce digestive enzymes b. Process nutrients c. Detoxify d. Store fat-soluble vitamins 9. Which hormone induces secretion of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice? a. Secretin b. Gastrin c. Cholecystokinin (CCK) d. Norepinephrine 10. Which helps to neutralize acidic chyme entering the duodenum from the stomach? a. Pancreatic juice b. Neither pancreatic juice nor bile c. Bile d. Both pancreatic juice and bile 11. Many factors influence BMR. Which of these is the most critical factor? a. The way skeletal muscles break down glycogen b. The ratio of surface area to volume (weight) of the body c. An individual’s body weight d. The way an individual metabolizes fat 12. When normal heat loss processes are ineffective in a hot environment, elevated body temperatures can a. Promote thyroxine release, increasing BMR b. Promote rehydration and high blood pressure c. Depress the hypothalamus and initiate heat stroke d. Stimulate shivering and vasoconstriction 13. Glycogen is formed in the liver during the a. Absorptive state b. Postabsorptive state c. Digestive state d. Secretory state Supplemental Instruction 1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center 294-6624 www.si.iastate.edu 14. It is thought that high levels of ____ are protective against heart attacks. a. VLDL’s b. LDL’s c. HDL’s d. LHDL’s 15. Loss of heat to the surrounding air is called a. Radiation b. Evaporation c. Conduction d. Convection 16. Which organ works to maintain blood glucose homeostasis by storing glucose as glycogen? a. Liver b. Pancreas c. Stomach d. Small intestine 17. Digestion of table sugar requires a. Maltase b. Sucrase c. Lactase d. Amylase 18. Select the correct statement about electrolyte absorption. a. Often used as coenzymes b. Iron and calcium and absorbed mostly in the small intestine c. Required to build molecules d. Absorbed mostly in the stomach 19. Excessive colonic water absorption results in: a. Constipation b. Diarrhea c. Heartburn d. Indigestion 20. Which is NOT a beneficial function of the normal bacterial flora of the colon? a. Colonizing the colon to inhibit potential pathogens b. Synthesizes B complex vitamins and vitamin K c. Hydrolysis of proteins to supply amino acids d. Ferments indigestible carbohydrates Supplemental Instruction 1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center 294-6624 www.si.iastate.edu 21. Which of the following hormones controls the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins? a. FSH b. LH c. Testosterone d. GnRH 22. What controls the arousal phase of the human sexual response? a. Parasympathetic nervous system b. Sympathetic nervous system c. Central nervous system d. Somatic nervous system 23. Resolution of the human sexual response involves the: a. Latent period b. Refractory period c. Plateau phase d. Graded potential 24. Which of the following statements about spermatogenesis is not true? a. Each spermatid forms two sperm b. The spermatogonium forms the primary spermatocyte c. The primary spermatocyte forms two secondary spermatocytes d. The secondary spermatocytes each form two spermatids 25. Which of the following glands produce the greatest proportion of semen? a. The pituitary b. Bulbourethral glands c. Prostrate gland d. Seminal vesicles 26. Which cells surround developing sperm to provide a blood-testes barrier, which prevents the immune system from attacking sperm? a. Prostrate gland cells b. Leydig cells c. Sustentacular cells d. Prostrate gland cells 27. What bursts during ovulation, releasing the ovum? a. Vesicular follicle b. Primordial follicle c. Fallopian tube d. Corpus luteum Supplemental Instruction 1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center 294-6624 www.si.iastate.edu 28. Increased LH a. Triggers follicle development b. Triggers menstruation c. Triggers oogenesis d. Triggers ovulation 29. Which is NOT a role of prostaglandins in the semen? a. Decrease viscosity of mucus in cervix b. Stimulate sperm to finish meiosis so they can fertilize an ovum c. Facilitate sperm movement through female reproductive tract d. Suppress female immune response to semen e. Stimulate reverse peristalsis in uterus 30. The corpus luteum secretes which of the following hormones to prevent new follicle development? a. Progesterone b. Estradiol c. Inhibin d. Estrogen 31. There are 20 amino acids in proteins and they differ by their a. Side chain (-R) b. –COOH group c. Amine (-NH2) group d. Hydrogen 32. The movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to lower concentration is called ___, a form of ___. a. Diffusion, osmosis b. Osmosis, diffusion c. Active transport, diffusion d. Diffusion, active transport 33. A molecule that is a mirror image of another, having a key functional group oriented in a different direction, is called ____ of the other. a. Isotope b. Structural isomer c. Stereoscope d. Stereoisomer 34. Where is the respiratory chain? a. The mitochondrial inner membrane b. The mitochondrial matrix c. Cytoplasm d. Nucleus Supplemental Instruction 1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center 294-6624 www.si.iastate.edu 35. Which molecule is used as the final electron acceptor in the respiratory chain? a. Glucose b. ATP c. H2O d. O2 36. Which autonomic fiber releases norepinephrine as its neurotransmitter? a. Preganglionic sympathetic fiber b. Preganglionic parasympathetic fiber c. Postganglionic sympathetic fiber d. Postganglionic parasympathetic fiber 37. An excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle is: a. Acetylcholine b. GABA c. Dopamine d. Calcium e. Serotonin 38. Very low pitched sounds we can barely hear bend organ of Corti cilia a. In the portion of the organ of Corti in the scala media b. In the portion of the organ of Corti near the helicotrema c. In the portion of the organ of Corti in the endolymph d. In the portion of the organ of Corti near the round and oval windows 39. There are three layers of neurons in the retina. The axons of which of these neuron layers form the optic nerves? a. Rods b. Cones c. Ganglion cells d. Amarcrine cells 40. Name the receptor associated with static equilibrium: a. Ampulla b. Cristae c. Maculae d. Cupula 41. Which will increase blood pressure? a. Neuropeptide Y b. Nitric oxide c. Parathyroid Hormone d. Antidiruretic Hormone Supplemental Instruction 1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center 294-6624 www.si.iastate.edu 42. Where is the pacemaker of the heart located? a. Right atrium b. Right ventricle c. Left atrium d. Left ventricle 43. A sarcomere is: a. The M line b. The area inside the A band c. The area inside the H zone d. The area between two Z disks 44. Heart sounds other than those caused by the closing of valves are called… a. Heart murmurs b. Arrhythmias c. Patent ductus arteriosus d. Myocardial infarctions 45. What is the least specific type of immunity? a. Adaptive immunity b. Innate immunity c. Cell-mediated immunity d. Humoral immunity 46. When a person holds their breath for a long period of time, they have induced a. Respiratory acidosis b. Respiratory alkalosis c. Metabolic acidosis d. Metabolic alkalosis 47. The exchange of air during normal breathing is a. Inspiratory reserve volume b. Residual volume c. Tidal volume d. Expiratory reserve volume 48. The chief antibody mediated mechanism used against cellular antigens, such as bacteria, is: a. Antibody production b. Inflammation c. Complement fixation d. Osponization Supplemental Instruction 1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center 294-6624 www.si.iastate.edu