Download Nervous System Section 35–1 Human Body Systems (pages 891

Name________________________________________________ Period __________
Chap 35.1, 35.2, 35.3, 36.1, 36.2, 36.3, and 38.3
A look at cells, tissues, organs, organ systems of humans as well as the role of passive and active
transport in nerve and muscle conduction and kidney filtration.
Nervous System Section 35–1 Human Body Systems (pages 891–896)
1. List the levels of organization in a multicellular organism, from smallest to largest.
Smallest
Largest
__________________ ______________________ _____________________ ________________________
Match the organ system with its function:
Organ System _____2. Nervous system
_____ 3. Skeletal system
_____4. Integumentary system
_____5. Endocrine system
_____6. Lymphatic system
_____7. Muscular system
_____8. Reproductive system
_____9. Respiratory system
_____10. Excretory system
_____11. Circulatory system
_____12. Digestive system
Function a. Stores mineral reserves and provides a site for
blood cell formation.
b. Provides oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.
c. Coordinates the body’s response to changes in its
internal and external environments.
d. Helps produce voluntary movement, circulate
blood, and move food.
e. Controls growth, development, metabolism, and
reproduction
f. Eliminates wastes and maintains homeostasis.
g. Serves as a barrier against infection and injury.
h. Converts food so it can be used by cells.
i. Helps protect the body from disease
j. Produces reproductive cells
k. Brings materials to cells, fights infection, and
regulates body temperature
13. What are four types of tissues found in the human body.
a. _____________________________
b. _____________________________
c. _____________________________
d. ______________________________
14. The most abundant tissue in most animals is _______________________________________ .
15. Circle the letter of the type of tissue that covers the surface of the body and lines internal organs.
a. nervous
c. epithelial
b. connective
d. muscle
16. Circle the letter of the type of tissue that connects bones to muscles.
a. nervous
c. epithelial
Section 35–2 The Nervous System (pages 897–900)
This section describes the nervous system and explains how a nerve impulse is transmitted.
b. connective
d. integumentary
1. What is the function of the nervous system?
2. What are three types of neurons (nerve cells)?
a.
b.
c.
3. Is the following sentence true or false?
Sensory neurons carry impulses from the brain and the spinal cord to muscles and glands.
4. Label the following features in the drawing of a neuron: cell body, myelin sheath,
The Nerve Impulse (pages 898–900)
6. Is the following sentence true or false?
There are more sodium ions in the cytoplasm than in the fluid outside the cell.
7. The difference in electrical charge across the cell membrane of a resting neuron is called its
______________________________________________________________________________ .
8. How does a nerve impulse begin?
9. In which direction does a nerve impulse travel?
10. Circle the letter of the choice that describes an action potential.
a. Reversal of charges due to the flow of positive ions into a neuron
b. Increase in negative ions in a neuron due to the flow of potassium out of the cell
c. Change to a negative charge due to the flow of sodium ions out of a neuron
d. Reversal of charges due to the flow of negative ions into a neuron
11. The minimum level of a stimulus that is required to activate a neuron is called the
_______________________________________________________________________ .
12. How does a nerve impulse follow the all-or-nothing principle?
13. Circle the letter of the term that refers to the location at which a neuron can transfer an
impulse to another cell.
a. axon
b. dendrite c. synapse
d. node
14. What are neurotransmitters?
15. Describe what happens when an action potential arrives at an axon terminal.
16. Describe the sequence of events from establishing the resting potential to the transmission of
a nerve impulse to the next neuron and the reestablishment of the resting potential. Include
discussions of channel proteins, sodium gates and ions, and potassium gates and ions as well
as diffusion and active transport.
17. Briefly describe the different organs and tissues of the Nervous system:
Brain
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain Stem (Pons and Medulla Oblongata)
Thalmus
Hypothamlus
Spinal cord
PNS (Peripheral Nervous system)
Sensory division
Motor division
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Section 36–1 The Skeletal System (pages 921–925)
1. The skeleton of a newborn baby is composed almost entirely of a type of connective tissue
called
__________________________________________________________.
2. The network of fibers in cartilage is made from two proteins called
a.
b.
3. Cartilage is replaced by bone during the process of bone formation called
______________________________________________________________.
4. Cells that create bone tissue are called _____________________________________ while bone
cells that maintain the cellular activity of bone are called __________________________ and
bones cells that break down bone tissue are called _____________________________________.
5. The tough connective tissue that connects bones to bones is called
___________________________ .
Section 36–2 The Muscular System (pages 926–931)
6. List the three different types of muscle tissue
a.
b.
c.
7. What characteristics do striated muscle cells have?
8. What characteristics do smooth muscle cells have?
9. What characteristics do cardiac muscle cells have?
Muscle Tissue Type
Striated/Not Striated
Skeletal
Striated
Not striated
What It Controls
Involuntary movements
Cardiac
10. Circle the letter of the choice that lists the muscle structures from largest to smallest.
a. Myofibrils, filaments, muscle fibers
b. Muscle fibers, myofibrils, filaments
c. Muscle fibers, filaments, myofibrils
d. Myofibrils, muscle fibers, filaments
11. What are the names of the two main filaments that make up a myofibril?
a.
b.
12.Explain how muscle contraction is controlled in skeletal muscles. Include the neuromuscular
junction, motor neuron, acetylcholine, calcium ions, and acetylcholine destroying enzymes
(cholinesterase)and active transport.
13. What is a tendon?
Section 36–3 The Integumentary System (pages 933–936)
14. What is the largest organ of the body and a member of the integumentary system?
15. Describe the most interesting aspects of the following tissues of the skin.
a. Epidermis
i.
Keratin
ii. Melanin/melanocytes
b. Dermis
c.
Nails and hair
Section 38–3 The Excretory System (pages 985–989)
1.
The name of the pair of organs that are designed to help the body excrete urea is what?
2.
The kidney has three tissue regions, what are two of them called?
3. What is the name of the million or so functional units
that do the waste filtration in the kidney?
4.
What substances diffuse out of a glomerulus?
glomerulus
Bowman’s
capsule
Capillaries
5. Briefly describe the 3 stages the filtrate experiences as it flows
from the bowman’s capsule to the collecting duct?
6. What is the material called that remains after
reabsorption?
Vein
7.
When does active transport take place and what does it
do?
Collecting
duct
tubule Artery
Loop of
Henle