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Transcript
EGYPT STUDY GUIDE Began irrigation. Known as “The Gift of the Nile” Egypt is also known as “The Land of Contrasts” The Nile Provided: Water Made farming easier Provided thick black mud enriched soil Papyrus grew along the river banks. (made baskets, boats, sandals, paper) Fish, ducks, geese (edible water birds) Because... Fertile riverbanks/ barren deserts Floods and droughts Black land/ Red land (The dark soiled valley compared to the red color of the desert.) White crown/ Red crown Upper Egypt/ Lower Egypt Vocabulary words to remember... Important names to remember... Cataract: A high waterfall. Delta: Triangular shaped deposit of soil near the mouth of a river. Papyrus: A reedy plant found along the Nile River. Pharaoh: An Egyptian king. Dynasty: A line of kings belonging to the same family. Embalm: To treat a dead body in order to protect it from decaying. Mummy: A body preserved by embalming. Pyramid: A huge tomb built by ancient Egyptians as a resting place for a pharaoh. Hieroglyphics: Ancient Egyptian writing. Scribe: Person employed to read and write letters. Obelisks: A tall pillar with carvings on it that told about a pharaoh. Sphinx: Statue of a famous mythical creature with the body of a lion and head of a human. Important dates to remember... 4000 B.C. People started living in Egypt along the Nile River. 3300 B.C. Both upper and lower Egypt had Kings. OLD KINGDOM (2750-2260 B.C.) King Menes, the king of upper Egypt, conquered Lower Egypt and united the kingdoms. He became the first pharaoh, made Egypt stronger, and formed the first dynasty. Great pyramids were built for pharaohs (ex. The Step Pyramid for King Zoser). MIDDLE KINGDOM (2061-1784 B.C.) Developed art, writing, architecture, burial practices. Made tools out of copper. Developed a better calendar. Menes: The first pharaoh who united upper and lower Egypt in 3100 B.C. Queen Hatshepsut: A female pharaoh who increased trade in 1502 B.C. Pharaoh Thutmose III: Pharaoh who built a great empire with his strong millitary power in 1482 B.C. Osiris: The god of the dead. Isis: The goddess of the moon. Ra: The god of the sun. King Tutankhamen: Young pharaoh who’s tomb was found unrobbed. Howard Carter: A British archaeologist who found Tut’s tomb. **************TIMELINE DATES************** 1. 4,000 B.C. 2. 3,300 B.C. 3. 3,100 B.C. 4. 2,750 B.C. 5. 2,061 B.C. 6. 1,570 B.C. 7. 1,502 B.C. 8. 1,482 B.C. 9. 1,070 B.C. 10. 750 B.C. ********************************************* NEW KINGDOM (1570-1070 B.C.) Egyptians learned to fight with horses and chariots. Egypt became a world power by conquering other nations and building an empire. 1502 B.C. Queen Hatshepsut ruled and increased trade. 1482 B.C. Pharaoh Thutmose III builds a great empire with his strong military. 1070 B.C. Egypt’s power begins to decline. *In 750 B.C. The Kingdom of Kush conquers Upper Egypt.