Download Columbian Exchange - Northwest ISD Moodle

The Columbian Exchange
Columbian Exchange
• the transfer of
people, animals,
plants, and
diseases back and
forth from the
Old World
(Europe) to the
New World
(Americas) and
Africa
Western
Hemisphere
(New World)
Eastern Hemisphere
(Old World)
Impact of Columbian
Exchange
• Exchanged food, plants, and
animals during colonization.
Columbian Exchange
• Old World (Europe) to New World (Americas)
• Plants:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
rice
wheat
barley
oats
coffee
sugarcane
bananas
melons
olives
dandelions
daisies
ragweed
Kentucky bluegrass
Columbian Exchange
• New World (Americas) to Old World (Europe)
• Plants:
• avocados
pumpkins
guavas
• peanuts
pineapple
squash
• corn (maize)
• potatoes (white / sweet)
• beans (snap / kidney, lima)
• cacao (source of chocolate)
• chicle (source of gum)
tobacco
Columbian Exchange
• New World
(Americas) to Old
World (Europe)
• Animals:
• llamas
• alpacas
• guinea pigs
• Old World (Europe)
to New World
(Americas)
• Animals:
• horses
• cattle
• pigs
• sheep
• goats
• chickens
The Unintended
Consequences
Disease
• Transmission of infectious diseases had long-lasting effects on
both sides
• Lack of immunity to diseases brought over by Europeans caused
massive casualties within native population
• Estimated that 80-95 % of native population died within the first
100 years after first contact
• Measles
• Typhus
• Smallpox
• Cholera
• Malaria
Triangular Trade
The Desire for Africans
• This trade for slaves
became the Atlantic Slave
Trade
• Between 1500 and 1600,
about 300,000 slaves were
taken to the Americas.
• During the next 100 years,
the number jumped to 1.5
million, and by 1870 the
number was about 9.5
million.
Slavery Spreads
• England then dominated the slave trade from the 1690
until 1807.
• By 1830, there were nearly 2 million African slaves in
North America.
• African merchants, with the help of local rulers,
captured fellow Africans to be enslaved.
• They delivered them to the Europeans in exchange for
gold, guns and other goods.
What was the Effect of the
Columbian Exchange?
• Both hemispheres were introduced to new
foods and animals that changed entire
societies.
• Potatoes and corn became major food
sources for Europeans allowing populations to
increase greatly.
• The introduction of pigs, cows, and horses
gave new food sources and new animals for
the Native Americans to use.
What was the Effect of the
Columbian Exchange?
• The diseases the Europeans brought with
them killed up to 90% of the Native Americans
in the New World. European conquest of the
Native Americans was made easy by the
effect disease had on the Natives.
• The Native Americans had never been
exposed to these diseases so their bodies
could not fight them. Europeans had lived
with these diseases for thousands of year and
were not as likely to die from them.