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Study Guide: Unit 2 Exam (Advent of Human Belief Systems & Organized Religions) Directions: Complete the study/review guide in its entirety in order to help you prepare for the Unit 2 Exam. Here is a list of some of the key terms/concepts that you may need to know for the exam (this list is by no means exclusive; it is only meant to provide you with a foundation for beginning to study for the exam). 1. Belief System/ Religion 2. Christianity 3. Animism 4. Hinduism 5. Zoroastrianism 6. Islam 7. Buddhism 8. Judaism 9. People of the book 10. Aryans 11. God/Deity 12. Sharia Law 13. Prophet 14. Monotheism 15. Polytheism 16. Henotheism 17. Siddhartha Gautama 18. Mohammad 19. Jesus of Nazareth 20. Abraham 21. Zoroaster 22. Moses 23. The Ten Commandments 24. The Trinity 25. Bible 26. Torah 27. Koran 28. 4 Noble Truths 29. 8 Fold Path 30. Nirvana/Enlight enment 31. Reincarnation (Samsara) 32. Daoism/Taoism 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. Confucianism Shintoism Jerusalem Pilgrimage 5 Pillars of Islam Hebrews Karma Dharma Mecca/Medina Angra Manu Ahura Mazda Caste System Babylonian Captivity Mosque Synagogue Church Brahma Covenant Here is a list of some possible questions that you may need to know for the exam (this list is by no means exclusive; it is only meant to provide you with a foundation for beginning to study for the exam). 1. What is reincarnation (samsara)? How do the concepts of dharma and karma relate to the concept of reincarnation (samsara)? Explain. 2. What are the seven dimensions of a religion? How do the seven dimensions of religion help to explain the effect/influence that belief systems/religions have on human societies? Explain. 3. Why were the earliest of human religions centered on nature/the natural environment? Explain. 4. What is the caste system? Explain how the religion of Hinduism perpetuated and reinforced the caste system. 5. What are the core beliefs of Confucianism and Daoism? Both of these belief systems developed during the warring states period of Chinese history. Explain how the core beliefs of these belief systems responded to their environment in different ways. 6. What is animism? How can Shintoism be classified as an animistic belief system/religion? Explain. 7. How does religion influence/affect the society in which it is practiced? 8. How did the Jewish religion change in response to the Babylonian captivity/exile? Explain. 9. What are the key principles/beliefs held by those who practice/practiced the 10 different belief systems/religions studied? 10. What happened within the Roman Empire that aided/contributed to the survival and spreading of the Christian faith/religion after the death of Jesus? 11. Even though there are limits on the usefulness of religious texts (Torah, Bible, Qur’an) as historical sources, why do historians continue to use these texts as a source of information about early followers of the Jewish, Christian, and Islamic faiths/religions? Explain. 12. How did Islam spread throughout the world? Explain. 13. How did the Buddha prescribe that an individual end suffering and reach enlightenment (also known as nirvana)? Explain. 14. How does religion influence/affect the society in which it is practiced? 15. What does it mean if a religion is classified as being monotheistic, polytheistic, or henotheistic? Provide an example of each of a belief system/religion that is classified as being monotheistic, polytheistic, or henotheistic.