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About The Civilizations of the Levant
Amorites:
The Amorites are the first ancient Arab peoples who migrated from the
Arabian Peninsula into Syria, around 2500 BC. They spread through the
north and the east and established several kingdoms. Some of the wellknown kingdoms are: Yamhad, its capital was city of Aleppo, and one of
the most famous kings was Jarm William and his son Hammurabi, a
contemporary of Hammurabi the king of Babylon. The kingdom of Asin
which founded in Mesopotamia. As well as the State Babylonian Amore.
The Kingdom of Mary (near Abu Kamal in Syria), which inhabited
before 2500 BC by Sumerian folks, so its civilization was similar to the
Sumerians'. Amorites took the Sumerians and the Acadians civilization.
Mary has been great flourished and took control of the roads that link the
Gulf to Syria and Anatolia, nearly two centuries 1750 1950 BC. After
Hammurabi had dominated the south of Mesopotamia, he marched his
army towards Mary to make it under his authority and then he destroyed
and burned it down till it became rubble of dust. The civilization of the
Amorites is civilization Babylonians in all its ways.
Canaanites:
Canaanites have migrated with the Amorites around 2500 BC. but they
settled in southern Syria. The different localization of the two peoples
made the Amorites affected by Sumerian- Akkadian civilization.
Canaanites were affected by the Egyptian civilization and culture of the
Moroccan Mediterranean Sea. Canaanites have spread along the northern
coast of Syria. The Greeks called the name "Phoenician" which is derived
from the Phoenicians, the purple red partition on the Mediterranean and
the north coast of Syria. They also launched the name "Phoenician" to the
Canaanites, the inhabitants of this coast. Canaanites have founded several
kingdoms such as: Hebron, Jebus, Bissan, Ammon, Madian, Accho,
Soour, Sidon, Beirut, Tartous. Canaanites were peaceful by nature and do
not like war, but in self-defense.
Phoenicians (Coast Canaanites):
The nature of the region inhabited by the Phoenicians obliged them to
look to the sea, because the narrow coastal plain where the mountains
formed a barrier between the coastal region and inland areas, so they
made their ships and boarded the sea to trade it. Ugarit (Ras Shamra) is
one of its main cities in Syria, which excavated since 1929 by Claude
Scheffer and found that it was an important commercial center. And
where the alphabet was discovered dating back to the fourteenth century
BC, written with the Mesmarian and has thirty characters. As well as
Jebeil (Byblos) that had a strong trade relationship with Egypt.
Sidon, the Lady of the Phoenician coast between 1200 – 1500 BC. Sidon
was dominated by traders on the copper-rich Cyprus, Rhodes and a
number of the islands of the Aegean Sea, where the marble, sulfur, gold
and purple. The city of Tyre which became the leader of the Phoenician
cities of 1000 - 500 BC. Their boats were patrolling the Red Sea, until it
reached India and returned laden with spices, gold and precious stones.
They reached in their trade to England.
The Phoenicians are those who founded the city of Carthage in Tunisia,
in the year 804 BC. and is followed by Sour, but it overlooked the rest of
the centers in the Western Mediterranean and send each year a mission to
the temple of Melqarat, the temple of Sour and submit to him ten
imports. The importance of Carthage has been increased after the fall of
Sour on the hands of Chaldeans. The Sourean traders moved to it. Since
the Romanian state began to expand, it hit with Carthage and its
legendary Hannibal who invaded Italy itself with famous wars which
called the Punic wars, which ended with the seizure of the Romans in
Carthage in 146 BC. After burning and destroyed it completely.
Arameans:
Arameans migrated from the Arabian Peninsula around the middle of the
second millennium BC and settled in parts of Central and Eastern region
of Syria, and then leak some of them to the north and south Mesopotamia
where they hit with the Assyrians. Their kingdoms were: the Kingdom of
the house of Aden and its capital was Til Barsib (on the Euphrates River
now) and extended to Balikh east and the headwaters of Assajoor in the
north-west. It remained till 1000 BC. The Kingdom of Bkhiati hourse or
Aram Nahrain, and its capital was Guzana, and it was in the foothills of
North Alomanus, it was called (Baudi). Also the Kingdom of Homah and
the Kingdom of Damascus. In the year 745 BC, Tejlat Bilasr III had
swept the kings of the Assyrians and Aramean kingdoms and defeated
them.
When it returned to the alliance under the leadership of the Kingdom of
Hama, they were defeated by Sargon II at the Battle of Gurgle II in 720
BC. Then he has established a rule of the Assyrians in Syria. The
Canaanites took care of the agriculture, especially cultivation of grapes,
figs and olives. They knew some of the tools to study the grain which
they grinded in mills which work by hand. They used silver instead of
cash money. The Phoenicians have excelled in the glass, worsted, cotton
industry and dyeing fabrics with purple and they are the first people of
marine in history. The talent of navigation has been raised because of the
large active trade to the extent that the Phoenician ships were able to sail
at night, guided by the polar star or the Phoenician star as the Greeks used
to call it. They roared around the African continent and discovered the
Cape of Good Hope before Fascudi by two thousand years.
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