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ISLAM AND THE ISLAMIC SECTS WORLD RELIGIONS ANTHROPOLOGY NEW DIMENSIONS Demographics Those who practice the Islamic faith are Muslims Islam is distributed throughout Africa, the Middle East and parts of Asia and Europe Growing population is in the United States More than 6 million+ Muslims are U.S. residents Origin/History Abrahamic Faith: Originated in the Middle East after Judaism and Christianity Founded by the prophet, Muhammad Born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia (570-632 C.E.) Islam means “to submit” in Arabic Jihad means “fighting or striving” Holy war is not literal, applied to historical wars with non-Muslims Deity Monotheistic: belief in one God, Allah Allah is the sole God, the creator, the sustainer and restorer of the world Muhammad is the last, perfect of God’s messengers Others include Adam, Abraham, Moses and Jesus Sacred/Holy Texts These form the basics of Islamic law The Qur’an ( or the Koran) Written by God and revealed to Muhammad Never been corrupted Hadith Muhammad’s sayings and stories of his life Second to the authority of the Qur’an Contains specific details/laws on how to live Spiritual Leaders Imam Leads community prayers Performs marriages and funerals Gives advice about Islamic law, chosen for his wisdom Muezzin Crier, proclaims the call to worship Khatib Preaches the Friday sermon Main Tenets 5 Pillars of Islam 1. Profession of Faith No God but God, Muhammad is the prophet of God 2. Prayer Must pray 5 times a day, facing Mecca 3. The Zakat Must pay an obligatory tax annually to the state gov’t 4. Fasting Must fast for the month of Ramadan (9th month) Daybreak-sunset: No eating, drinking, smoking, sex 5. Hajj Must make a pilgrimage to Mecca in their life Creation Allah is the Creator A “day” is equivalent to 50, 000 years Do not believe God rested on the 7th day Why would God need to rest? It is a sin to confuse the Creator and creation Nothing else should be associated with God Reject Trinity and Jesus as incarnate Death/Afterlife The Qur’an posits that life is a test Deaths are predetermined by Allah Day of Judgment Good to Paradise Others to the Fire Dead are buried in 3 linen shrouds Martyrs are buried in the clothes they died in Rituals & Customs First thing a baby should hear is the call to prayer whispered in each ear Boys must be circumcised (7 mos-12 yrs) Parents choose the marriage partners for their children Divorce is discouraged More than one wife allowed Holidays/Holy Days Muslims follow a different calendar than Western world Based on Muhammad’s move to Medina in 622 Ramadan 9th Muslim month Many other holy days (see pages 78 & 79) Worship Fridays: all men to mosque for midday prayer All must remove shoes and wear a habit, or hiram Women to mosque Cover hair completely Seated in a separate area Believed to distract opposite sex When in a congregation, stand shoulder to shoulder with no gaps All Muslim prayers are memorized Worship of idols is forbidden No images of Allah or Muhammad Lifestyle Practices Islam is a way of life, not simply a religion Family life is central: care for one another “ummah”=community Alcohol is forbidden Gambling is forbidden Consuming the meat of a pig is forbidden Shirk: sin regarding intercessions, astrology Blasphemy or idolatry Subdivisions/Sects SUNNIS 90% of Muslims (1 billion people) Consider themselves traditional, mainstream SHIITES 10% of Muslims (80 million people) Voice of militant Islamic fundamentalism Their disputes center around the rightful successors of Muhammad SUFISM Mystical sect: believe in a direct experience with Allah