Download History of Atom Notes

History of Atom notes.notebook
September 22, 2016
HISTORY OF THE ATOM
Democritus (Greece, 400s BCE)
--Nature's basic particle =
"atom"
--Based on Greek word
meaning "indivisible"
--"atomos" = not cutting
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Aristotle (Greece, 300s BCE)
--Did NOT believe in atoms
--Ideas accepted for ~2000yrs
"Aristotle Altemps Inv8575" by Copy of
Lysippus - Jastrow (2006).
John Dalton (England, early 1800s)
“billiard ball”
model
Atomic Theory
1) All matter composed of
atoms
2) All atoms of same element
are identical.(not true)
Atoms of different elements
are different.
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History of Atom notes.notebook
September 22, 2016
Atomic Theory (cont'd)
3) Atoms cannot be created, destroyed or
subdivided. (not true...think fission/fusion, synthetic elements)
4) Atoms of different elements combine in
simple whole-number ratios to form
compounds:
2
7.97
4.12
5) In chemical reactions, atoms are
combined, separated, or rearranged.
Fold your strip of paper in half crosswise
(hamburger style). Cut in half. Repeat until you
cannot cut anymore. How many times did you
make cuts?
11" = .2794 m...must cut in half
reach the diameter of an atom:
-12
times to
2
History of Atom notes.notebook
September 22, 2016
J.J. Thomson (England, late 1890s)
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) expts.:
--Cathode ray was attracted to positive magnet
**Atoms have negative
particles...ELECTRONS
--Since atoms are neutral, must also
have positive particles...PROTONS
J.J. Thomson
electrons
--“Plum pudding” model
--Electrons much less
massive than atoms
-->This and CRT results
suggest protons
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History of Atom notes.notebook
September 22, 2016
Gold foil experiment:
--Positive alpha particles emitted
at high speeds
--Aimed at gold foil
--Expected to pass through, if
atom is mostly empty space
SHOCKED,
when 1 in 8000 particles were
deflected
"As if firing a gun
at a tissue and
the shell came
back at you!"
--Atoms must have a very small,
densely packed center of
+ charge: NUCLEUS
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History of Atom notes.notebook
September 22, 2016
Electrons in
large, empty
space
Small, dense,
positive nucleus
+
If nucleus = marble, atom = football field
--Mass of p+ not heavy enough to = mass
of atom
--Another particle with no charge gives
mass to nucleus: NEUTRON
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History of Atom notes.notebook
Particle
September 22, 2016
Actual
Mass
Symbol
Mass (kg) Number
Electron 9.11x10-31
0
e-
Proton 1.67x10-27
1
p+
Neutron 1.67x10-27
1
n0
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