Download parts of a sentence notes

Chapter 19 Notes
Sentences always have a subject and a verb
Patterns:
SV (subject-verb)
Gaege ran.
SVO (subject-verb-direct object)
Gaege ran the marathon.
SVIOO (subject-verb-indirect object-direct object)
Luke handed Holly the book.
SLVC (subject-linking verb-complement)
complement can be a predicate adjective, predicate noun or predicate pronoun
Brett is smart and talented. (predicate adjectives)
This is she. (predicate pronoun)
Daniel’s two best friends are Connor and Duncan. (predicate nouns)
There are four basic types of sentences
 Declarative-states an idea and ends in a period
 Interrogative- asks a question and ends in a question mark
 Imperative-gives a command and ends in either a period or an exclamation point
 Exclamatory-shows strong emotion and ends with an exclamation point
Problems with subjects

Imperative (command)
The subject is implied for a command.
(You) look at the lion.
Connor, (you) please write this down.

Interrogative (question)
The subject often follows the verb.
Did the cat escape?

Sentences that begin with there or here
The words there and here are never the subject of a sentence.
There are three new kittens in the barn.
A basic sentence follows the pattern S-V (subject-verb).
Direct object: a noun or pronoun that receives the action of a verb
A sentence with a direct object usually follows the pattern S-V-O (subject-verb-direct object).
p. 412, ex. 35 The direct object is underlined.
1. Scales cover a snake’s body.
2. Snakes do not have legs or arms.
3. Snakes lose their fangs periodically.
4. Some species also shed their skin.
5. Snakes eat rats, mice and frogs.
Exercise 36
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The crocodile family includes crocodiles, caimans and alligators.
Crocodiles inhabit Asia, Africa and some areas of North America.
The hardy crocodile can survive droughts and cool weather.
Crocodiles eat birds and mammals.
For nesting sites, a crocodile might choose a sandy beach or a muddy bank.
Exercise 37
1.
2.
3.
4.
Whom did you invite to come with us?
What will you do with those interesting photographs?
Which reptile do you like?
Which species of reptile shall we visit first?
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
What should we see next?
Which reptile can you touch?
Whom have they chosen to talk to us?
Whose questions will the guide answer?
What effect does the weather have on reptiles?
What reptile book shall I buy?
To find direct object:
1. Find the verb.
2. Who is doing the verb? (subject)
3. What is receiving the verb? What is the verb being done to?(direct object)
Indirect Object: a noun or pronoun that comes after an action verb and before a direct object
It names the person or thing that something is given to or done for.
Note: The main difference between the direct and indirect objects is that the verb is not done to the
indirect object. For example: I handed Alec the book. The book is being handed, not Alec.
S-V-IO-DO
Exercise 38 The indirect object is underlined.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Yesterday, I gave John a pet lizard.
He will give his pet special treats.
We gave his lizard the name Lizzy.
John told his brother and sister details about Lizzy.
We made Lizzy a new home.
I showed my teacher and classmates the new habitat.
It gives her some space to grow.
John feeds Lizzy bugs.
We gave Mary a picture.
John gave me a picture of Lizzy, too.
We built her an outdoor enclosure for the warm months.
Everyone asks John and his family questions about her.
They tell them facts about lizards.
With Lizzy, they give them demonstrations.
Sometimes, when Lizzy is with them, people give them frightened looks.
Subject complement: a noun, pronoun or adjective that follows a linking verb and tells something
about the subject
Common Linking Verbs
am
is
was
were
appear
become
feel
grow
look
remain
seem
smell
sound
stay
taste
turn
(and all the other “to be” verbs)
A predicate noun (PN) or predicate pronoun (PP) follows the linking verb and renames or identifies the
subject. It is not the subject, but it is equal to the subject.
Ford’s first car was the Model A.
car = Model A (PN)
A lizard is a reptile.
lizard = reptile (PN)
The leader will be he.
leader = he (PP)
The two winners are they.
winners = they (PP)
A predicate adjective follows a linking verb and describes the subject of the sentence. It can’t replace
the subject, like a PN or PP can do, but it tells us more about the subject.
Her story seems strange to us.
story - strange (PA)
The flight to Houston was swift.
flight – swift (PA)
Just like other parts of the sentence the subject complements can be compound (more than one).
The diamondback rattle snake is large and dangerous. (2 PA’s)
A rattlesnake’s prey can be rabbits, mice or gophers. (3 PN’s)