Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Photosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Ecological resilience wikipedia , lookup
Plant breeding wikipedia , lookup
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle wikipedia , lookup
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project wikipedia , lookup
Perovskia atriplicifolia wikipedia , lookup
Review on needfulness for plant ecophysiological study and investigation on climate change’s effects on forest, rangeland and desert ecosystems. By: Dr. Mostafa Jafari Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, (Plant ecology/ plant ecophysiology) (Lead author for AR4/IPCC, [email protected] ) Abstract Importance of Global Warming and its’ effects on natural resources, plants, animal and in general on human life are among subjects that received attention of scientists and politicians in recent years. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change as a legal document has been signed in Rio and approved by governments. To control and reduced gas emission and keep them in certain level Kyoto Protocol was agreed. I.R. Iran and many other of Near East and Central Asian countries governments signed convention in Rio or later and ratified later. Acceptance and ratification of Kyoto Protocol by the Government of I.R. of Iran announced officially to the secretariat. Hence, from two points of view, technical and political, this issue could be considered. Carbon dioxide and other produced gases have involved in warm up the Earth. Scientists found warming up resulted increase evaporation and density of water steam in atmosphere. As a result, precipitation pattern including rain or snow will change. Other fact and projection shows, warm and dry regions, will become warmer and drier, thus, this is important issue to be considered in arid and semi-arid of Near East and Central Asia. Climate change is a phenomenon that simultaneously effects with change in temperature precipitation and carbon dioxide, so, changes in all three factors should be considered in the same time. Climate change issue and study of global warming attract scientists significantly. Three reports published by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change show lack of adequate research result on climate change for the Near East and Central Asia. It could be used for compellation of the reports. Various subjects of plant ecophysiology could be study in relation to climate change. Some of them can be mentioned: basic limiting factors of plant growth, structure and function of ecosystems, biodiversity, gas exchange in leaf and or water use efficiency. Keywords: climate change, plant ecophysiology, ecosystems, photosynthesis, evapotranspiration. Subject for consideration from cell to ecosystem Plant ecophysiological studies subjects are very variable and cover different dimensions of ecological physiology. Some of these subjects could be listed as follow: Principals and limiting factors; plants and microclimate; irradiance balance and energy budget in leaf; stomata control and biochemical gas exchange in leaf; stable isotopes; water use efficiency; different photosynthetic pathways and carbon allocation; photosynthesis adaptation with light and temperature; crown cover architecture and water use efficiency in plant, soil and atmosphere; root systems and water uptake; water use and water role in tissues; plant architecture and electrical conductance; adaptation to water stress and nutrient deficiency. Climate change effect could be considered at plant cell or ecosystem levels, and study on modeling possibly can give interpretation of link on these two sides. Some of the study topics could be listed as follow: Balance and water budget in global pattern of ecosystems distribution; energy and carbon balance; development of soil and existing; nutritional cycle and decomposition; net primary productivities; population dynamic; sustainable and unstable ecosystems dynamic models; ecosystem development during primary and secondary successions; ecosystem structure and functions; biodiversity and climate change. It is possible to use remote sensing techniques to accelerate studies. Study of correlation between data obtained in cell and plant level and data obtained by remote sensing techniques; Research goals In this kind of research and studies it is necessary to consider plant ecophysiological aspects in reaction to climatic factors changes, in scale of cell, whole plants and ecosystems. The research result should clearly answer to these questions: Is there any link between climate change and changes in plant physiological functions? Is there any correlation between changes in cell level and changes in ecosystems? What is the systematic changes and how it does work? Evapotranspiration is main element in water balance and net primary production in plants. This should be investigated for different plant and various climatic eco-zones. How it is possible by measurement of evapotranspiration and other major element, which