Download File - Social Sciences @ Groby


Nominal

Ordinal

Interval

Ratio
data in categories, e.g. grouping
people in class into ‘short’ and
‘tall’, or ‘boys’ and ‘girls’.
data that is ordered, e.g. lining
people up in height order.
data measured in equal
intervals, e.g. measuring
someone’s height or weight.
data with a true zero, e.g. height

Nominal

Ordinal

Interval

Ratio
data in categories, e.g. grouping
people in class into ‘short’ and
‘tall’, or ‘boys’ and ‘girls’.
data that is ordered, e.g. lining
people up in height order.
data measured in equal
intervals, e.g. measuring
someone’s height or weight.
data with a true zero, e.g. height

You need to know how to present information in
a graph.
 Your data should be easy to read and understand
 All graphs must be clearly named and have both axis
labeled
 Use an appropriate scale, do not mislead people by
using an inappropriate scale (e.g. some political
parties do this)
 Do not draw the raw data – it should be a summary of
the data
 Make sure you use the appropriate graph for the data
and not just the one you like

There are three types of correlation…
Used to represent data
on a ‘continuous’ scale
 Columns touch because
each one forms a single
score (interval) on a
related scale, e.g., time number of hours of
homework students do
each week
 Scores (intervals) are
placed on the x-axis
 The height of the column
shows the frequency of
values, e.g., number of
students in each interval
– this goes on the y-axis

Used to represent
‘discrete data’ where the
data is in categories,
which are placed on the
x-axis
 The mean or frequency
is on the y-axis
 Columns do not touch
and have equal width
and spacing
 Examples:

 Differences in
males/females on a
spatial task
 Score on a depression
scale before and after
treatment
Used for measuring the
relationship between
two variables
 Data from one variable
is presented on the xaxis, while the other is
presented on the y-axis
 We plot an ‘x’ on the
graph where the two
variables meet
 The pattern of plotted
points reveals different
types of correlation,
e.g., positive, negative
or no relationship.


Record the contents of your bag of sweets by
drawing the table below:
Eggs

Hearts
Rings
Cola
bottles
Bears
Total
Do you have a big enough sample to draw
any conclusions about the average content of
a bag of these sweets?
Eggs
Hearts
Rings
Cola
bottles
Mean=
Mean=
Mean=
Mean=
Bears
Total
Mean=
Mean=




Do you now have a big enough sample to draw
conclusions from or do you need more results?
With sampling remember the Goldilocks
principle ‘Not too big, not too small, but just
right!’
Calculate the % of each type of sweet per bag.
Extension: Sketch a pie chart to show the
average distribution of types of sweets
in each bag.
Two groups of patients took part in a trial to compare
the effectiveness of two different drug therapies. One
of the groups was given Drug A and the other group
was given Drug B. All patients completed a rating
scale at the start of a ten-week course of treatment
and again at the end of the course. This scale
measured the severity of symptoms.
 The Drug A group had an average score of 9 before
the therapy and an average score of 4 at the end of
the course.
 The Drug B group had an average score of 7 before
the therapy and an average score of 5 at the end of
the course.
 Sketch and label a bar chart to illustrate the data. (4
marks)

4 marks
4 marks
4 marks
AO3 = 4 marks
 The graph shows a strong negative correlation
between score on depression scale and weeks of
treatment. The more treatments the lower the
depression. However, there also seems to be a
plateau, where between 2-3.5 weeks there is very little
change in depression.
 1 mark for each of the following:
 Strength (it is a moderately strong / strong correlation)
 Direction (negative)
 Description of the relationship (the longer the treatment
the lower the depression score)
 Indication of plateau / change in direction.
3 marks
AO3 = 3 marks
 Candidates may point out that the % of secure
attachment in all three countries is very similar,
but that insecure attachments vary. Country one
has the lowest % of insecure-avoidant but the
highest of insecure resistant. Country three has
the lowest % of insecure-resistant but the highest
of insecure-avoidant.
 One mark for a brief outline of one point. Two
further marks for accurate elaboration of one
point in detail or more than one point more
briefly.