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Islamic Management Seminar SESSION II: EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION THE PROPHETIC METHODS MOHD ADAM MOHD SAID GROUP CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, PROFESS CONSULTING GROUP 1 LEARNING OUTCOMES Islamic Management Seminar At the end of the session, the participants will be able to: 1 Develop understanding of communication and the communication process 2 3 Understand and identify the principals of communication in Islam Understand the art of communication in Islam 4 4 Develop personal action plan to becoming a more effective communicator 2 Islamic Management Seminar DEFINITION OF COMMUNICATION Two-way process of reaching mutual understanding in which participants not only exchange ( encode-decode) information, news, ideas and feelings but also create and share meaning. In general, communication is a means of connecting people or places. In business, it is a key function of management – an organisation cannot operate without communication between levels department and employees. Source : www.businessdictionary.com 3 Islamic Management Seminar ESSENCES OF COMMUNICATION Personal process Occurs between people Involves change in behaviour Means to influence others Expression of thoughts and emotions through words and actions Tools for controlling and motivating people It is a social and emotional process 4 Islamic Management Seminar THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS 5 Islamic Management Seminar COMMUNICATION IN ISLAM Allah created man with a basic function to communicate. ِ ﴿بِ ْس ِم ه ﴾ الر ِح ِيم ـن ه اَّلل ه ِ الر ْح َم ال ه- ان ُ الر ْح َم ان َ َعله َمهُ البَي َ س َ عله َم ْالقُ ْر َء ﴿ ه ُ ش ْم َ - ـن َ - ـن َ اإلن ٍ َس َو ْالقَ َم ُر ِب ُح ْسب ِ َ َخلَق- ان ْ َ أَاله ت- ان َوالنه ْج ُم َوال هطغ َْواْ فِى َ َض َع ْال ِميز َوال ه- ان َ س َمآ َء َرفَعَ َها َو َو ِ َش َج ُر يَ ْس ُجد ضعَ َها ِلالٌّن َِام َ َ َوأ َ ِقي ُمواْ ْال َو ْز َن ِب ْال ِق ْس ِط َوالَ ت ُ ْخ ِس ُرواْ ْال ِميز- ان َ ض َو َ َواالٌّ ْر- ان ِ َْال ِميز ُ الر ْي َح ُ َ ِفي َها فَـ ِك َهةٌ َوالنه ْخ ُل ذاالء ِ ى َء ِ ص ْ َ َو ْال َحب ذُو ْالع- ات االٌّ ْك َم ِام ف َو ه ِ َ فَ ِبأ- ان ﴾ ان ِ ََر ِب ُك َما ت ُ َك ِذب ( .1.Ar-Rahman!) (2. He has taught the Qur'an.) (3. He created man.) (4. He taught him Al-Bayan.) (5. The sun and the moon (run) on fixed courses.) (6. And the Najm and the trees prostrating.) (7. And the heaven He has raised high, and He has set up the balance.) (8. In order that you may not transgress the balance.) (9. And observe the weight with equity and do not make the balance deficient.) (10. And the earth He has put down (laid) for Al-An'am.) (11. Therein are fruits, date palms producing Akmam.) (12. And also corn, with (its) `Asf, and Rayhan.) (13. Then which of the blessings of your Lord will you both deny) 6 6 Islamic Management Seminar PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION IN ISLAM 1 Intention ِ سو َل ه ئ َما ن ََوى ُ ع ْن ُ ع َم َر أ َ هن َر َ صلهى اللههم َ ٍ سله َم قَا َل ِإنه َما ْاْل َ ْع َما ُل بِالنِيه ِة َو ِل ُك ِل ْام ِر َ علَ ْي ِه َو َ اَّلل ْ سو ِل ِه َو َم ْن َكان ْ فَ َم ْن َكان ِ سو ِل ِه فَ ِه ْج َرتُهُ ِإلَى ه ِ َت ِه ْج َرتُهُ ِإلَى ه َت ِه ْج َرتُهُ لدُ ْنيَا ُ اَّلل َو َر ُ اَّلل َو َر ِِ يُ ِصيبُ َها أَ ِو ْام َرأَ ٍة يَتَزَ هو ُج َها فَ ِه ْج َرتُهُ ِإلَى َما َها َج َر ِإلَيْه It is narrated on the authority of Amir al-Mu'minin (Leader of the Believers), Abu Hafs 'Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), say:"Actions are according to intentions, and everyone will get what was intended. Whoever migrates with an intention for Allah and His messenger, the migration will be for the sake of Allah and his Messenger. And whoever migrates for worldly gain or to marry a woman, then his migration will be for the sake of whatever he migrated for.“ (Related by Bukhari & Muslim) 7 Islamic Management Seminar PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION IN ISLAM 2 Husnuzon Think positive. Hold positive thoughts of others. ض ه اجتَنِبُواْ َكثِيرا ً ِمنَ ه ض ُكم بَ ْعضا ً أَيُ ِحب ْ ْ﴿يأَي َها الهذِينَ َءا َمنُوا ُ سواْ َوالَ يَ ْغتَب به ْع الظ ِن إِثْ ٌم َوالَ تَ َج ه ُ س َ الظ ِن إِ هن بَ ْع ْ ﴾ اب هر ِحي ٌم ٌ اَّلل تَ هو َ اَّلل ِإ هن ه َ أَ َحدُ ُك ْم أَن يَأ ُك َل لَ ْح َم أَ ِخي ِه َميْتا ً فَ َك ِر ْهت ُ ُموهُ َواتهقُواْ ه (O you who believe! Avoid much suspicion; indeed some suspicion is sin. And spy not, neither backbite one another. Would one of you like to eat the flesh of his dead brother You would hate it. And have Taqwa of Allah. Verily, Allah is the One Who forgives and accepts repentance, Most Merciful.) (Al-Hujurat:12) 8 Islamic Management Seminar PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION IN ISLAM Congruence between 3 words and action Words and action must be in harmony. Walk the talk. Our Prophet (PBUH) saw a boy who was skinning a sheep and said to him: “Let me teach you.” He put his hand between the skin and the meat until he reached up to the armpit of the sheep, and then he said: “Skin it like that, young man!” (Dawud, Taharat, 73; Ibn Maja, Zabaih, 6) 9 Islamic Management Seminar PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION IN ISLAM 4 Tabayyun (Verification) Carefully examine.Check and re-check information.Verify the source. “O, you who believe ! If a fasiq comes to you with news, verify it…” (Al-Hujrat:6) If we do not follow the verse and neglect tabayyun “…lest you should harm people in ignorance, and afterwards you become regretful for what you have done.”(Al-Hujurat:6) 10 Islamic Management Seminar 5 PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION IN ISLAM Emphasise and repeat important points. Recipient will feel what is repeated is important. Recipient will be able to memorise information. Information is transferred from short to long term memory. Anas (ra) said: “When the Messenger of Allah said a sentence he used to repeat it up to three times making sure that it was understood.” (Hakim) An example: A man came to the Prophet and said, ‘O Messenger of God! Who among the people is the most worthy of my good companionship? The Prophet said: Your mother. The man said, ‘Then who?' The Prophet said: Then your mother. The man further asked, ‘Then who?' The Prophet said: Then your mother. The man asked again, ‘Then who?' The Prophet said: Then your father. (Bukhari, Muslim). 11 Islamic Management Seminar PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION IN ISLAM 6 Use of Metaphors When Allah mentioned the flies and the spider in His Book, the people of misguidance said, `Why did Allah mention these things.' So Allah revealed; ﴾ضةً فَ َما فَ ْوقَ َها َ ب َمثَالً هما بَعُو َ اَّلل الَ يَ ْستَ ْح ِى أَن يَض ِْر َ ﴿ ِإ هن ه Verily, Allah is not ashamed to set forth a parable even of a mosquito or so much more when it is bigger (or less when it is smaller) than it).'' 12 Islamic Management Seminar PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION IN ISLAM 7 Communicate based on the respective level of intellect Pay attention to the characteristics of an individual. Take into account the characteristics of the society. The nature of the Prophet's speech differed when he would talk with men to that with the elderly, women or children, indicating he treated each of his companions individually, far from considering them alike. For instance, he would talk about expeditions and weapons with Abu Bakr (May Allah be pleased with him), while he would involve his wife Ayesha in jokes and cheerful talk. 13 Islamic Management Seminar PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION IN ISLAM 8 Use correct terminology. Be pro-active in the choice of words used. Allah forbade the believers from imitating the disbelievers in tongue or deed. Allah said, ُ ﴿يَـأَي َها الهذِينَ َءا َمنُواْ الَ تَقُولُواْ َر ِعنَا َوقُولُواْ ان اب ٌ َعذ َ َظ ْرنَا َوا ْس َمعُواْ َو ِلل َكـ ِف ِرين ﴾ أَ ِلي ٌم O you who believe! Say not (to the Messenger ) Ra`ina but say Unzurna (make us understand) and hear. And for the disbelievers there is a painful torment) (2:104). 14 Islamic Management Seminar ART OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION QAWLAN KAREEMA 1 A noble word, a generous speech. “And your Lord has decreed that you not worship except Him, and to parents, good treatment. Whether one or both of them reach old age (while) with you, say not to them (so much as), “uff” and do not repel them but speak to them a noble word.”(Surah al Israa 17:23) QAWLAN SADEEDA 2 Straight to the point, words of appropriate justice. “O you who believe! Guard your duty to Allah, and speak words straight to the point.”(Surah al Ahzaab 33:70) 15 Islamic Management Seminar ART OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION QAWLAN LAY’YINA 3 Gentle speech. Mild words. “And speak to him with gentle speech that perhaps he may be reminded or fear [Allah].’’ ( Surah Taha 20:44) QAWLAM MAYSOORA 4 Easy words. Gentle words. “And if you [must] turn way from the needy awaiting mercy from your Lord which you expect, then speak to them a gentle word.” ( Surah al Israa 17:28) 16 Islamic Management Seminar ART OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION QAWLAM MA’ROOFA Honourable word, proper sayings, words of appropriate kindness. 5 Four situations as prescribed in the al-Quran. a. When proposing a woman in marriage(2:235) b. While treating and dealing with children, women and those under ones care.(4:5) c. While executing property div if there are other relatives, poor or needy present.(4:8) d. While addressing the noble wives of Prophet saw.( 33:32) QAWLAM BALEEGHA 6 Far reaching, words of insight. “Those are the ones of whom Allah knows what is in their hearts, so turn way from them but admonish them and speak to them a far-reaching word” ( Surah an-Nisaa 4:63) 17 Islamic Management Seminar PERSONAL ACTION PLAN 18 Islamic Management Seminar You can better your speech and improve your relationships by reciting the dua that Prophet Musa (peace be upon him) recited when Allah SWT sent him to the Pharaoh: "O my Lord! Open for me my chest. And ease my task for me; And loosen the knot from my tongue. That they understand my speech." (Surah Ta-Ha, Verses 25-28) 19 19