Download Classification Notes

Cell Information
The cell is the smallest unit of life.
All cells have DNA and cytoplasm.
There are two basic types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic.
*-Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in that eukaryotic cells contain many membrane
bound organelles.
Prokaryotic Cells
- have no nucleus
- have no membrane-bound organelles
- make up the kingdoms Monera (bacteria) and Archaea
- prokaryotes are more primitive than eukaryotes
- cells have a single circular chromosome
- have ribosomes surrounded by a cell membrane and a cell wall
- may have photosynthetic pigments (i.e. cyanobacteria)
- some prokaryotes have an external flagellum for locomotion or pili for adhesion
- shapes: baccilli (rods), cocci (round), spirilla (helical)
- prokaryotes were the first forms of life on earth, evolving over 3.5 billion years ago
Eukaryotic Cells
- have a nucleus
- have organelles (compartments that enable a cell to function by making and releasing energy,
helping the cell to maintain homeostasis, and enabling a cell to reproduce)
- all other cells (other than bacteria)
- found in the Protista, Fungi, Plant, and Animal kingdoms - eukaryotes date back 1.2-1.5 billion
years ago
- have 1000 times more DNA than prokaryotic cells
The Six Kingdoms
How are organism placed into their kingdoms?
·
Cell type, complex or simple
·
Their ability to make food
·
The number of cells in their body
Plants
You are probably quite familiar with the members of this kingdom as it contains all the plants
that you have come to know - flowering plants, mosses, and ferns. Plants are all multicellular
and consist of complex cells.
In addition plants are autotrophs, organisms that make their own food.
With over 250,000 species, the plant kingdom is the second largest kingdom. Plant species
range from the tiny green mosses to giant trees.
Without plants, life on Earth would not exist! Plants feed almost all the heterotrophs (organisms
that eat other organisms) on Earth. Wow!
Animals
The animal kingdom is the largest kingdom with over 1 million known species.
All animals consist of many complex cells. They are also heterotrophs.
Members of the animal kingdom are found in the most diverse environments in the world.
Archaebacteria
Archaebacteria are found in extreme environments such as hot boiling water and thermal vents
under conditions with no oxygen or highly acid environments.
Eubacteria
Eubacteria are complex and single celled. Most bacteria are in the EUBACTERIA kingdom.
They are the kinds found everywhere and are the ones people are most familiar with.
Eubacteria are classified in their own kingdom because their chemical makeup is different.
Most eubacteria are helpful.
Fungi
Mushrooms, mold and mildew are all examples of organisms in the kingdom fungi.
Most fungi are multicellular and consists of many complex cells.
Prokaryotes – VS – Eukaryotes
How are organism placed into their kingdoms?
Kingdom
Characteristics
Organism Examples
Kingdom of Life Crown
Fold the plate in half and draw two lines to equally divide the plate half into thirds.
Cut along the from the fold along the lines up to the but be careful to not through the rim.
Unfold the plate and cut along the fold marks from the center out to the rim, being careful to not
cut through the rim.
Label each of the flaps with one of the kingdoms. On the back of the flap place key information
to help you identify that kingdom.
Decorate the crown as you would like.
Fold the wedges into a crown shape with the kingdom names facing out.
Glue the representative organisms onto the tips of their respective kingdom.