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Chapter 1 Element – a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances – smallest unit of an element is an atom Compound – two or more elements that are chemically combined – smallest unit is called a molecule Water – most chemical reactions in cells would not take place without water Inorganic compounds – does not contain carbon Organic compounds - contain the element carbon – carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids Two-thirds of your body’s mass is water. 67% has water inside cells and rest surrounds cells. Water helps with homeostasis. H2O – one hydrogen and two oxygen Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen – has LOTS of energy Energy source for the cell and make up some cell parts (cell wall) C6H12O6 - sugar Energy rich organic compound – fats, oils and waxes Cells store energy in them Source of energy for the cell – make up the cell membrane Large organic molecules made up of C, H, O, Nitrogen, and sometimes Sulfur Made up of smaller molecules called amino acids Most of the structures in a cell are made of proteins – proteins called enzymes help chemical reactions in a cell take place Very long organic molecules made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Contain the instructions that cells need to carry out the functions of life DNA – genetic material that carries information and passed from parent to offspring. RNA – helps in the formation of proteins