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The Cardiovascular System During Exercise
Learning Objectives: Taking a look at the immediate and short-term
effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system
Learning Outcome:
A*/A
Students will be able to explain in detail the immediate and
short-term effects of exercise upon the cardiovascular
system. Reference will be made to blood pressure, blood
vessels and the respiratory system.
Tricky
Complete the
placemat
worksheet
Trickier
Complete the
placemat worksheet
and then support
other students
A healthy, active lifestyle and your
cardiovascular system
The Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system consists of:
1. The heart (cardio),
2. Blood and the
3. Blood vessels (vascular)
 The heart is a muscular pump (cardiac muscle!), which
pushes blood throughout the many blood vessels in the
body
 Blood being pushed around has 3 main functions:
1. To supply the body with oxygen & nutrients
2. To remove waste products e.G. Carbon dioxide
3. Return blood to the lungs for oxygenation
 Blood vessels run throughout the body, allowing
blood to travel everywhere
Blood Vessels
1. Arteries
2. Capillaries
3. Veins
There are three types of blood vessels, as shown in this
magnified part of the circulatory system.
blood from
the heart
blood to the
heart
vein
artery
carries blood
away from
the heart
carries blood
back into
the heart
carries blood to and
from the body’s cells
What happens to the cardiovascular
system during exercise?
Immediate and short-term effects of
exercise on the cardiovascular system
• What immediate effects do you think exercise
has upon the cardiovascular system?!
Higher Order Thinking…
• What happens and why do they happen?
• How can these immediate effects be measured?
1. Increased Heart Rate
Why? Increased oxygen delivery and increased
removal of carbon dioxide.
Key term: Heart rate – the number of times the heart
beats per minute.
2. Increase in stroke volume
Why? Because of the demand for oxygen, more blood
is being pumped out of the heart.
Key term: Stroke volume - The volume of blood pumped out of the heart by each ventricle
during one contraction.
Key term: Cardiac output - The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute.
Cardiac output (CO) = stroke volume (SV) x heart rate (HR)
3. Increase in (systolic) blood pressure
Why?
Blood pressure increases during
exercise because more blood is
needed to be pumped around
the body, increasing pressure on
the blood vessels.
Key term: Blood pressure - the
force exerted by blood on the walls
of the blood vessels
Systolic & Diastolic Pressure
Systolic & Diastolic Pressure
 Systolic pressure – the pressure on blood vessels
when blood is pumped out of the heart (‘squeeze
stage’).
 Diastolic pressure - the pressure of the blood on
the blood vessels during the relaxation phase,
between heart beats (when heart is at rest).
Youtube support:
http://www.mayoclinic.org/condition/high-bloodpressure/multimedia/what-is-blood-pressure/vid-20084747
Lifestyle choices and your
cardiovascular system
4 Factors that may have negative effect on the
CV system and increase the risk of coronary
heart disease
1. High cholesterol, perhaps due to a diet
high in animal fats
2. Recreational drugs
3. Sedentary lifestyle and lack of exercise
4. Stress
High cholesterol, perhaps due to a
diet high in animal fats
• Cholesterol is a fatty substance carried in the blood
by lipoproteins.
• High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) - GOOD
And
• Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) - BAD
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
• Foods rich in HDL include fruit,
vegetables, whole grains, and
legumes (e.g. peas and beans).
• This why it is recommended we
have our ‘5 a day’!
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
• …consist mainly of fat and is
known as ‘bad cholesterol’.
• It is the major cause of
cholesterol in the blood, and
can lead to a build up of
plaque which can restrict
blood flow in the arteries.
Useful clip!
http://www.explania.com/en/channels/health/detail/what-ischolesterol
Recreational drugs
• Recall from previous unit!
• Cigarettes (nicotine), which raise blood pressure
because they release adrenaline. Adrenaline
constricts the arteries and causes the heart to beat
faster
• Tobacco smoke is a major risk factor of heart
disease. Smoking lowers HDL cholesterol (good
cholesterol!) levels and increases the tendency for
blood to clot, which can lead to serious problems
such as heart attacks or strokes!
• Alcohol in moderation is believed to increase HDL
and so in the long term can help lower blood
pressure. However, too much alcohol and binge
drinking can have serious adverse effects.
Sedentary lifestyle and lack of exercise
(hypokinetic disease)
• Inactivity means that the
cardiovascular system
does not receive the
benefits of exercise.
• Sedentary living is also
believed to be one of the
main reasons for
increasing rates of obesity
Stress
• The stress that may increase
the risk of cardiovascular
disease is different to the
stress felt before a
competition or while taking
an exam.
• Negative stress builds up over
time and can affect the
cardiovascular system by leading
to an increase in blood pressure
and elevated heart rate. It may
also lead to depression and
mood swings.
Key terms review…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Heart Rate (HR)
Resting / Working HR
Recovery rate
Blood pressure
HDL and LDL (which one is good? #high5)
Cardiac output
Stroke Volume
Rest