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Plant Taxonomy By: David Hochreiter Agriculture Teacher/FFA Advisor TN State Standards • Apply concepts of scientific taxonomy and industry-specific terminology to distinguish different species and types of plants (such as trees, grasses, legumes, food crops). Create a graphic illustration or fact sheet that compares and contrasts common plant species used in the management of environmental and natural resources by classification, care, and use. (TN Reading 4, 7) Class Agenda • • • • • Bell Work Instruction Check on learning Instruction Exit Ticket Introduction • Taxonomy is the science of _________ and __________plants. • Scientific names are _________because the same common name is used for different plants in different areas of the world. • _____is the language used for scientific classification. Karl von Linne (1707-1778) • Swedish ________ • Developed binomial classification scheme for plants. • Uses ____Latin words to indicate the genus and the species. • Changed his name to the Latin name of Carolus Linnaeus. Scientific Names • The first word is the ______and the second word is the _______. • If there are additional words, they indicate the _______or ________. Genus • Plants in the same genus have _______ characteristics. • Examples: • • • • • • Quercus – Oaks Acer – Maples Pinus – Pines Ilex – Hollies Cornus – Dogwoods Ficus – Figs Species • Plants in the same species consistently produce plants of the _____ ______. Scientific Classification • The broadest category of scientific classification is the ________. • Either Plant or Animal • The broadest category of the plant kingdom is _________or ________. Scientific Classification Kingdom Phylum/Division Class Order Suborder Family Genus Species Divisions • The four most important divisions of the _______kingdom are…. • • • • Thallophites Bryophytes Pteriophytes Spermatophytes Check on Learning • Who developed the scientific taxonomy model? • The first word of the name is known as the what? • Plants in the same ______ have similar characteristics • What are the four most important divisions in the plant kingdom? Spermatophytes • Includes flowering or _____-______ plants. • The two subdivisions are…. • Gymnosperms • ____________ Plant Characteristics Identifying Plants • _________characteristics are used to identify plants which include…. • • • • • Life Cycle Form Foliage Retention Plant Parts Use & Location Life Cycle • ________ • Plants that complete their life cycle in one year. • ________ • Plants that complete their life cycle in two years. • ________ • Plants that live more than two years. Growth Habits • Trees • Shrubs • Vines Growth Forms • Columnar • ________ • Weeping • ________ • Oval • Pyramidal Growth Forms Spreading Columnar Weeping Growth Forms Round Oval Pyramidal Foliage Retention • _________ • Loses leaves during the dormant season. • Evergreen • Keeps leaves and remains green yearround. Plant Parts – Leaf • • • • • • • Arrangement ________ Color Vein _______ Form – Simple or Compound Margin ________ Leaf Arrangement – Simple Leaf Arrangement – Compound Leaf Shape Vein Pattern • ______ • Palmate • _________ • Dichotomous Leaf Margin Leaf Surface •There are __ common leaf surfaces. • • • • Glabrous _________ Villous Tomentose • • • • Scabrous Glaucous _________ Glandular Leaf Surface – Glabrous • The surface is _______, not hairy. Leaf Surface – Pubescent • Short, soft ______ cover the surface. Leaf Surface – Villous • Long, straight hairs cover the surface. Leaf Surface – Tomentose • Covered with ____-_____ hair. Leaf Surface – Scabrous • Covered with short, _____ hairs. Leaf Surface – Glaucous • Covered with a ____-______waxy substance. Leaf Surface – Rugose • Surface is wrinkly. Leaf Surface – Glandular • Glands filled with ____ or resin cover the surface. Check on Learning • Name 4 of the common leaf structures • What leaves have short soft hairs that cover their surface? • What leaf surface is covered with woollike hair? • What leaf surface has glands filled with oil? Plant Parts – Flowers • Color • _______ • Size Plant Parts – Bud & Stem • Shape & Color • Stem Modifications • ______ • Spines • ______ Plant Parts – Modified Stems Thorn Prickle Spine Plant Parts – Roots • Tap • ________ • Bulb Plant Parts – Roots Tuberous Root Tap Root Fibrous Root Plant Parts – Fruit • • • • ______ Nuts (Acorns) Pomes (Apple) _______(Peach) • _______ (Raspberries) • Capsules (Willow) • Samara (Maple) Plant Parts – Fruit Pomes Cones Acorns Plant Parts – Fruit Samara Drupes Capsules Brambles Use & Location • • • • • • • Not absolute, but helpful. Indoor or outdoor. __________ Wet or dry Hardiness Zone Sun, ______ _______, or shade. Landscape purpose – specimen, border, etc.