Download Plant Terms and Parts - Duplin County Schools

Flower Pre-Quiz
• 1. What is the term for a flower that
completes it’s life cycle in one year?
• 2. What is the edge of a leaf called?
• 3. What anchors a plant to the ground?
• 4. What is the term for a plant that stays green
all year?
• 5. What is the term for a plant that completes
it’s life cycle in more than two years?
• 6. What is the term for a plant whose cells are
not filled with water?
• 7. What plant tissue carries water and nutrients
up to plant parts?
• 8. What part of the flower attracts insects for
pollination?
• 9. What controls the opening and closing of the
stomates on the bottom of a leaf?
• 10. What is the chemical that makes plants
green?
Now lets
check your
answers…
Plant
Terms and
Parts
Life Cycles
• Annual—a plant that completes its life cycle
in one year.
• Biennial—a plant that completes its life cycle
in two years.
• Perennial—a plant that lives more than two
years.
Leaf Retention
• Deciduous—loses leaves during dormant
season.
• Evergreen—keeps leaves and remains green
year-round.
Hormones
• Inhibitors-- hasten fruit ripening,
inhibits or restrains seed germination
and stem elongation.
• Cytokinins-hormones that work with
auxins to stimulate cell division.
• Gibberellins—hormones that stimulate
cell elongation, premature flowering
and breaking of dormancy.
• Auxins—hormones that speed plant
growth by stimulating cell
enlargement.
• Turgid—plant is swollen or filled with
Moisture
in
Plant
moisture.
• Wilted—plant is limp because it does not
have enough moisture.
Leaves: External Parts
• Petiole—leaf stalk or part that connects leaf to
stem.
• Blade—the large, flat part of a leaf.
• Midrib—the large center vein.
• Veins—the structural framework of leaf.
• Margin—the edge of leaf.
Leaves: Internal Parts
• Upper and lower epidermis—skin of the leaf
that prevents the loss of too much moisture.
• Stomates—small openings under the leaf for
breathing or transpiration.
• Guard cells—open and close stomates.
• Chloroplasts—small green particles that
contain chlorophyll, give leaves their green
color and are necessary for photosynthesis.
Stems: External Parts
• Lenticels—breathing pores.
• Bud scale scars—show where
terminal buds have been located.
• Leaf scars—show where leaves were
attached.
• Terminal bud or apical — bud on end
of stem.
• Axillary or lateral bud—bud on side
of stem.
Stems: Internal Parts
• Xylem—tissue that transports water and
nutrients up from roots to stems and leaves.
• Phloem—tissue that transports food down from
leaves to roots.
• Cambium—thin, green, actively growing tissue
located between bark and wood and produces
all new stem cells.
• Bark—old inactive phloem.
• Heartwood—old inactive xylem.
• Sapwood—new active xylem.
Stems: Internal
• Monocots—plant stems have vascular
bundles that contain both xylem and phloem
in each bundle—examples: grasses, corn.
• Dicots—plant stems have phloem layer and
xylem layer separated by cambium—
example: trees.
Roots: External Parts
• Much different from those of stems.
• Root cap—indicates growth of new cells.
• Root hairs—absorb moisture (water) and
minerals.
Roots: Internal Parts
• Much like those of stems with phloem,
cambium and xylem layers.
• Phloem—the outer layer and carries food
down the root.
• Xylem—the inner layer and carries water and
minerals up to the stem.
Types of Roots
• Fibrous—many branched shallow roots, are
easier to transplant.
• Tap—long root with few branched ones, are
more difficult to transplant.
Flowers—develop into seeds and fruits
• Sepals—green parts that cover and protect
flower bud before it opens.
• Petals—are really leaves that are modified to
attract insects for flower pollination, the
pretty part that we call flowers.
• Stamens—the male flower parts that include:
– Filament—short stalk that holds up the anther.
– Anther—a sac-like structure that contains pollen,
the male sex cells.
• Pistil—the female flower part that includes
– Ovules—the eggs or female sex cells that become
seeds if fertilized.
– Ovary—if fertilized becomes a fruit or seed coat.
– Style—holds up the stigma and connects it to the
ovary.
– Stigma—sticky part on top of style where insects
leave pollen.
• Complete flower—has both male and female
parts.
• Incomplete flower—has only male or female
parts.
Functions of Plant Parts
Leaves
• Photosynthesis—manufactures food in green
plants which is the beginning of the food
chain for all living things on the earth.
• Photosynthesis is the process by which carbon
dioxide and water in the presence of light are
converted to sugar and oxygen.
• While plants use oxygen in respiration, they
produce much more oxygen in photosynthesis
and support life for humans.
• Chemical formula for photosynthesis:
6CO2 + 6H2O + 672 Kcal = C6H12O6 + 6O2
(carbon dioxide) (water)
(light energy)
(glucose sugar)
(oxygen)
• Transpiration is the water loss from leaf
surface through evaporation and is controlled
by stomata
Stems
• Translocation—move water and minerals from
roots up to the leaves and move food from the
leaves down to the roots.
• Support branches, leaves, flowers, fruit and
seeds .
Roots
• Absorption—take water and nutrients from
the soil and conduct them to the stem.
• Anchor the plant and hold it upright.
• Store food for plant use.
• Asexual reproduction in some plants.
Flowers
• Produce seeds used for sexual reproduction.
• Attract insects for pollination. Pollination is
the transfer of pollen from the anther to the
stigma.
• Produce fruit from the ovary to protect,
nourish and carry seeds.