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Chapter 5: Sensation Sensational The better to hear you with. Theories and Concepts The Eyes Have It Amazing! 100 1. Cones are different from rods in that: • • • • A) rods respond to color. B) cones respond to color. C) cones need less light. D) B and C are true. 2. The center of the retina is the ___ and has mostly ___. • • • • A) fovea; cones B) fovea; rods C) blind spot; ganglion cells D) optic disk; nerves 3. The lens thins or thickens to focus light in a process known as: • • • • A) visual sharpening. B) lens bending. C) accommodation. D) optic chiasm. 4. Weber’s law has to do with the ___ of a stimulus. • • • • A) absolute threshold B) just noticeable difference C) subliminal threshold D) sensory adaptation 5. If someone is severely damaged in the left visual cortex, they would be unable to see: • • • • A) anything in their left eye. B) anything in their right eye. C) anything in their right visual field. D) anything in their left visual field. 6. Frequency is to ___ as amplitude is to ___. • • • • A) pitch; loudness B) loudness; pitch C) pitch; timbre D) decibels; hertz 7. The sequence of hearing is in the order of: • A) eardrum, auditory canal, middle ear, inner ear. • B) cochlea, eardrum, middle ear, inner ear. • C) eardrum, middle ear, auditory canal, cochlea. • D) auditory canal, eardrum, middle ear, cochlea. 8. Normal conversation (60 decibels) is ___ times louder than a 20 decibel whisper. • • • • A) 3 B) 10,000 C) 100 D) 3,000 9. The ___ has the sensory receptors for sound consisting of tiny, hair-like fibers. • • • • A) ear canal B) stirrup C) basilar membrane D) tympanic membrane 10. Nerve deafness: • A) can be caused by exposure to amplitude over 80 decibels. • B) can be corrected by a hearing aid. • C) is more likely the result of heavy traffic than by a rock concert. • D) all of the above. 11. Unlike other senses, the sense of ___ does not travel to the thalamus, but goes directly to the cerebral cortex. • • • • A) gustation B) olfaction C) vestibular D) kinesthesia 12. Receptor cells have been identified for five tastes including sweet, salty, sour, ___ and ___. • • • • A) wet; rough B) hot; bitter C) spicy; acrid D) bitter; umami 13. The kinesthetic sense involves: • A) the sense of balance or equilibrium. • B) the sense of pain. • C) the location and position of body parts in relation to each other. • D) hair-like receptor cells in the semicircular canals. 14. The gate-control theory has to do with: • A) how the brain regulates pain. • B) how the brain sensitizes us to feel more acutely. • C) providing information about body position and movement. • D) difference thresholds in the sense of touch. 15. Although Jeremy lost his left leg beneath the knee, he often experiences great pain in his left foot. This is known as: • • • • A) psychosomatic pain. B) phantom limb pain. C) substance P overload. D) ineffective pain gate. 16. Analyzing that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of data is called: • • • • A) sensory processing. B) bottom-up processing. C) natural order integration. D) informational flow. 17. The minimum stimulus necessary to detect it 50% of the time is called the: • • • • A) central tendency. B) minimum flash point. C) absolute threshold. D) sensory half-life. 18. A movie theater’s manager wants to sell more popcorn by flashing subliminal advertising during the previews. You tell him: • A) subliminal persuasion doesn’t work. • B) he needs to do it several times. • C) he must accompany it with a bell. • D) he has to time it differently for it work on different people. to 19. According to the YoungHelmholtz theory, the retina contains color receptors: • A) which pick up opponent colors of red/green, blue/yellow, black/white. • B) of three types, sensitive to red, green and blue. • C) of three types, sensitive to red, blue and yellow. • D) none of the above. 20. Applying Weber’s Law to business, if a $5 meal has to increase to $5.50 for us to notice much of a difference, how much would a $20,000 car have to increase for us to notice? • • • • A) $2,000 B) $200 C) $5,000 D) $1,000 21. Mr. Jones has sensorineural hearing loss. His best chance of correcting his hearing is by: • • • • A) a hearing aid. B) using bone conduction. C) a cochlear implant. D) any of the above would be helpful. 22. ___ theory assumes that stimulus detection depends on experience, expectations, motivation, and level of alertness. • • • • A) Stimulus-response B) Choice pattern recognition C) Signal detection D) Sensory consolidation 23. In nearsightedness, the light rays coming into the eye: • • • • A) fail to focus in the eye. B) focus in front of the retina. C) focus behind the retina. D) always register as a blur. 24: The blind spot does not normally impair vision because: • • • • A) the eyes are constantly moving B) what one eye misses the other sees. C) our brain fills in the spaces. D) all of the above. 25. Unlike computers, our brain is able to perform several operations at once, called: • • • • A) sensory redundancy. B) serial processing. C) cognitive flow. D) parallel processing. Stop here, or continue as a review 1. Cones are different from rods in that: • • • • A) rods respond to color. B) cones respond to color. C) cones need less light. D) B and C are true. 208 2. The center of the retina is the ___ and has mostly ___. • • • • A) fovea; cones B) fovea; rods C) blind spot; ganglion cells D) optic disk; nerves 207 3. The lens thins or thickens to focus light in a process known as: • • • • A) visual sharpening. B) lens bending. C) accommodation. D) optic chiasm. 205 4. Weber’s law has to do with the ___ of a stimulus. • • • • A) absolute threshold B) just noticeable difference C) subliminal threshold D) sensory adaptation 202 5. If someone is severely damaged in the left visual cortex, they would be unable to see: • A) anything in their left eye. • B) anything in their right eye. • C) anything in their right visual field. • D) anything in their left visual field. 208 6. Frequency is to ___ as amplitude is to ___. • • • • A) pitch; loudness B) loudness; pitch C) pitch; timbre D) decibels; hertz 216 7. The sequence of hearing is in the order of: • A) eardrum, auditory canal, middle ear, inner ear. • B) cochlea, eardrum, middle ear, inner ear. • C) eardrum, middle ear, auditory canal, cochlea. • D) auditory canal, eardrum, middle ear, cochlea. 217 8. Normal conversation (60 decibels) is ___ times louder than a 20 decibel whisper. • • • • A) 3 B) 10,000 C) 100 D) 3,000 216 9. The ___ has the sensory receptors for sound consisting of tiny, hair-like fibers. • • • • A) ear canal B) stirrup C) basilar membrane D) tympanic membrane 217 10. Nerve deafness: • A) can be caused by exposure to amplitude over 80 decibels. • B) can be corrected by a hearing aid. • C) is more likely the result of heavy traffic than by a rock concert. • D) all of the above. 216 11. Unlike other senses, the sense of ___ does not travel to the thalamus, but goes directly to the cerebral cortex. • • • • A) gustation B) olfaction C) vestibular D) kinesthesia 231 12. Receptor cells have been identified for five tastes including sweet, salty, sour, ___ and ___. • • • • A) wet; rough B) hot; bitter C) spicy; acrid D) bitter; umami 229 13. The kinesthetic sense involves: • A) the sense of balance or equilibrium. • B) the sense of pain. • C) the location and position of body parts in relation to each other. • D) hair-like receptor cells in the semicircular canals. 233 14. The gate-control theory has to do with: • A) how the brain regulates pain. • B) how the brain sensitizes us to feel more acutely. • C) providing information about body position and movement. • D) difference thresholds in the sense of touch. 227 15. Although Jeremy lost his left leg beneath the knee, he often experiences great pain in his left foot. This is known as: • • • • A) psychosomatic pain. B) phantom limb pain. C) substance P overload. D) ineffective pain gate. 227 16. Analyzing that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of data is called: • • • • A) sensory processing. B) bottom-up processing. C) natural order integration. D) informational flow. 197 17. The minimum stimulus necessary to detect it 50% of the time is called the: • • • • A) central tendency. B) minimum flash point. C) absolute threshold. D) sensory half-life. 199 18. A movie theater’s manager wants to sell more popcorn by flashing subliminal advertising during previews. You tell him: • A) subliminal persuasion doesn’t work. • B) he needs to do it several times. • C) he must accompany it with a bell. • D) he has to time it differently for it work on different people. to 201 19. According to the YoungHelmholtz theory, the retina contains color receptors: • A) which pick up opponent colors of red/green, blue/yellow, black/white. • B) of three types, sensitive to red, green and blue. • C) of three types, sensitive to red, blue and yellow. • D) none of the above. 198 20. Applying Weber’s Law to business, if a $5 meal has to increase to $5.50 for us to notice much of a difference, how much would a $20,000 car have to increase for us to notice? • • • • A) $2,000 B) $200 C) $5,000 D) $1,000 204 21. Mr. Jones has sensorineural hearing loss. His best chance of correcting his hearing is by: • • • • A) a hearing aid. B) using bone conduction. C) a cochlear implant. D) any of the above would be helpful. 200 22. ___ theory assumes that stimulus detection depends on experience, expectations, motivation, and level of alertness. • • • • A) Stimulus-response B) Choice pattern recognition C) Signal detection D) Sensory consolidation 199 23. In nearsightedness, the light rays coming into the eye: • • • • A) fail to focus in the eye. B) focus in front of the retina. C) focus behind the retina. D) always register as a blur. 206 24: The blind spot does not normally impair vision because: • • • • A) the eyes are constantly moving B) what one eye misses the other sees. C) our brain fills in the spaces. D) all of the above. 207 25. Unlike computers, our brain is able to perform several operations at once, called: • • • • A) sensory redundancy. B) serial processing. C) cognitive flow. D) parallel processing. 210 Answers 1. B 9. C 17. C 2. A 10. A 18. A 3. C 11. B 19. C 4. B 12. D 20. A 5. C 13. C 21. D 6. A 14. A 22. C 7. D 15. B 23. B 8. B 16. B 24. D 25. D