Download middle ages - Garnet Valley School District

MIDDLE AGES
500 CE – 1300 CE
Key Terms
• Feudalism
• The Great Schism
• Social Mobility
• Council of Constance
• Peasants
• The Black Death
• The Church
• Hundred Years’ War
• Thomas Aquinas
• Joan of Arc
• Aristotelian Logic
• The Crusades
• Magna Carta
• Pope Urban II
• Clovis
• Reconquista
• Charlemagne
• Spanish Inquisition
• “Holy Roman Emperor”
• Cultural Diffusion
I. Rome Fell / Only the Church Remained
II. Invasions continued / No central power to
maintain order People turned to Local Lords
• No Central Power!
III. Feudalism is set up (protection) / strict
social hierarchy
• No Social Mobility
• Social Mobility – the ability to move
in social standing.
• No knowledge of classical works
• Church was the only source of
knowledge, but spoke a foreign
language
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=5Xd_zkMEgkI
Were the “Dark Ages” completely dark?
• Thomas Aquinas
• Important Christian philosopher
• Christian Doctrine + Aristotelian Logic
• Magna Carta
• Limited the Kings power in England.
• France
• Clovis
• Consolidated power in modern day France
• Charlemagne
• Descendant of Clovis, crowned “Holy Roman Emperor” by the Pope
• Legitimized as the greatest ruler by the most powerful institution
IV. Feudalism begins to crack
1.
The Great Schism
2.
The Black Death (Bubonic Plague)
3.
The Hundred Years’ War
The Weird Eye
IV. Feudalism begins to Crack:
(1) The Great Schism
• Two popes claimed to right to lead the
church
• One in Rome
• One in Avignon, France
• Damaged the church’s credibility
• Ended by the Council of Constance
• Roman Pope made the official pope
IV. Feudalism begins to Crack:
(2) The Black Death
• Brought to Italy by rats on trading ships from Asia
• Killed 1/3rd of Europe’s population
• Weakened the Church
• Prayers unanswered / No Solution
• Weakened Feudalism
• King could not “protect”
• Vacancies allowed for social mobility
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1
DBQ4o
IV. Feudalism begins to Crack:
(3) The Hundred Years’ War
• Fought between England and France over the
rightful heir to the French throne
• Joan of Arc
• Inspired by percieved message from God to lead
French troops
• Disguised her gender, won decisive battle
• Burned at the stake as a heretic
• Centralized political power
• Kings built large centralized armies
• Large centralized armies = centralized political
power
• Feudal knights no longer needed
• Military technology advanced
• Armored horsemen no longer useful
V. The Crusades:
Opened up Europe  led to Cultural Diffusion and the return to Classicism
• Started by Pope Urban II
• Goal was to take back the “Holy Lands” in
the Middle East from the Muslims
• Con – Led to increased Religious
tensions
• Spanish Inquisition
• Attempt to solidify the Church’s power by
trying heretics
• Think “Accused witches burning at the stake”
• Reconquista
• Wars to push the Islamic rulers out of Europe
(mainly Spain)
V. The Crusades (Cont.):
Opened up Europe  led to Cultural Diffusion and the return to Classicism
• Pro – Opened up Europe to the rest of the world
• Opened trade routes
• Cultural Diffusion
• The spreading of ideas from one culture to another
• The Great works and ideas of Western Civilization would return
• Housed in Baghdad, spread by Alexander the Great 2,000 years prior.
Big Questions
1. What were the causes of the Middle Ages?
2. Describe the social structure of the Middle Ages.
3. What evidence could be cited to refute the claim that
the Middle ages were completely “dark”?
4. What European events led to the unraveling of the
Feudal system? Be sure to focus on significance.
5. How did the Crusades help to bring Europe out of the
Middle Ages?
1. What were the causes of the Middle Ages?
2. Describe the social structure of the Middle Ages.
3. What evidence could be cited to refute the claim
that the Middle ages were completely “dark”?
4. What European events led to the unraveling of the
Feudal system? Be sure to focus on significance.
5. How did the Crusades help to bring Europe
out of the Middle Ages?