Download Table of mathematical symbols

Table of
mathematical
symbols
Symbol
Name
Read
1.
=
equality
is equal to; equals
2.
≠
inequation
is not equal to; does not equal
3.
<
Strict inequality
is less than, is greater than
>
Proper subgroup
is a proper subgroup of
4.
5.
(very) strict inequality
inequality
is much less than, is much greater
than
is less than or equal to, is greater
than or equal to
6.
proportionality
is proportional to; varies as
7.
Addition
Plus, add
8.
subtraction
minus; take; subtract
9.
multiplication
Times, multiplied by
Division
Divided by, over
11.
Plus-minus
plus or minus
12.
Square root
the (principal) square root of
13.
absolute value or modulus
Absolute value of, modulus of
14.
Norm
Norm of, length of
Divisor, divides
Divides
parallel
Is parallel to
17. AB
Exponentiation
A to the power of B
18. eX
Exponential function
10.
15.
16.
19. log(x)
20.
21. lim
x
a
22.
Logarithm
Logarithm of x
Binomial numbers
n chose k
limit
Limit as x tends to a
Such that
Such that, so that
23.
factorial
Factorial
24.
Probability distribution
has distribution
25.
Approximately equal
is approximately equal to
therefore
Therefore, so, hence
26.
27.
QED; tombstone; Halmos
symbol
Used to mark the end of a proof.
(May also be written Q.E.D.)
28.
29.
30.
Material implication
implies; if … then
Material equivalence
if and only if; iff
Logical negation
not
logical conjunction or meet in a
31.
lattice
wedge product
logical disjunction or join in a
lattice
32.
propositional logic, lattice
theory
33.
and; min; meet
wedge product; exterior product
Or, max, join
Or, max, join
Direct sum
Direct sum of
34.
Universal quantification
for all; for any; for each
35.
Existential quantification
there exists; there is; there are
36.
uniqueness quantification
There exists exactly one
definition
is defined as; equal by definition
congruence
is congruent to
37.
38.
congruence relation
39.
40.
Modular arithmetic
Set brackets
Is congruent to… modulo…
The set of
41.
set builder notation
the set of … such that
Empty set
the empty set
42.
43.
44.
Set membership
is an element of; is not an element
of
subset
Is a subset of
superset
Is a superset of
46.
set-theoretic intersection
intersected with; intersect
47.
set-theoretic union
the union of … or …; union
48.
Function arrow
From… to
49.
Function arrow
Maps to
50.
function composition
Composed with
51.
Natural numbers
N; the (set of) natural numbers
52.
integers
Z; the (set of) integers
53.
Integers mod n
Zn; the (set of) integers modulo n
54.
Rational numbers
55.
Real numbers
56.
Complex numbers
C; the (set of) complex numbers
57.
real or complex numbers
K
58.
infinity
infinity
59.
floor
floor; greatest integer; entier
60.
ceiling
ceiling
61.
nearest integer function
Nearest integer to
62.
Equivalence class
The equivalence class of
63.
Function application
Of
Seth theory
Image
45.
64.
Open interval
Order theory
Q; the (set of) rational numbers;
the rationals
R; the (set of) real numbers; the
reals
Open interval
65.
66.
67.
68.
Left open interval
half-open interval; left-open
Order theory
interval
Left open interval
half-open interval; right-open
Order theory
interval
inner product
inner product of
linear algebra
(linear) span of;
linear span
linear hull of
inner product
linear algebra
Summation
69.
70.
Arithmetic
Product
Arithmetic
Cartesian product
coproduct
71.
72.
73.
inner product of
sum over … from … to … of
product over … from … to … of
the Cartesian product of; the direct
product of
coproduct over … from … to …
of
Derivative
prime
Calculus
derivative of
indefinite integral or
indefinite integral of
antiderivative
the antiderivative of
definite integral
line integral
integral from … to … of … with
respect to
line/path/curve integral of …
along …
contour integral or closed line
74.
integral
contour integral of
Calculus
75.
76.
Gradient
del, nabla, gradient of
divergence
del dot, divergence of
curl
curl of
partial derivative
partial, d
Boundary
Boundary of
Degree of a polynomial
Degree of
delta
delta; change in
Dirac delta function
Dirac delta of
79.
cover
Is covered by
80.
transpose
transpose
81.
perpendicular
tensor product, tensor product of
is perpendicular to
77.
78.
82.
83.
84.
tensor product of
modules
Convolution
Convolution, convolved with
Complex conjugate
Group of units
conjugate
The group of units of
Mean
overbar, … bar
Complex conjugate
Algebraic closure
conjugate
Algebraic closure of
Topological closure
(topological) closure of
Taken and modified on june 07th, 2009 from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_mathematical_symbols