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Group 1
Day 2 > Athens, Sparta, and the Peloponnesian War Athens started out as a Mycenaean society. The first
settlement was on the rock of Acropolis. After time it began to shape into a big city that had a lot of art
and huge monuments. The first Olympic Games were held in Athens and the games revolved around
Greek gods and palm branches were given to the winners. Meat wasn't a very popular thing to eat in
Athens, they mostly consumed cheese, figs, and grapes. The last king of ancient Athens was named
Kodros, he gave his life to save his homeland. Sparta needed more land, so they conquered the
Laconians and later the Messenia. The Spartans created a military state the prevent rebellion. Spartans
were huge on military, and made boys at age 7 begin harsh military lives. Spartan women had more
freedom than was common elsewhere. Sparta created the Lycurgan reforms which made an oligarchy. A
group of five men where elected each year and were responsible for education. The Greek world divided
into 2 different camps known as Sparta and the Allies during the Peloponnesian War. Spartans wanted
to keep battles open because they knew they'd win and were obsessed with war. The war lasted 27
years and Athens finally surrendered in 405 BCE.
Group 2
Day 2:
Athens:
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Started in 700 B.C.E Athens was established a unified polis on the peninsula of Attic.
Originally a monarchy by the seventh century Athens fell under control of the
aristocrats. The best land was controlled by the aristocrats and all political power was
authorized by the aristocrats by means of a council of nobles, assisted by a board of nine
officials called archons. Although there was a assembly of full citizens, it barely
possessed any powers.
Near the end of the seventh century B.C.E Athens faced political turmoil because of
serious economic problems due to the rule of the aristocrats’ system. The problem
furthered until farmers who couldn't pay their debts were sold into slavery.
To end the problems the aristocrats gave full power to Solon, an aristocrat who had
ideas of reformation including the cancellation of all land debts, outlawed new loans
based on humans as collateral, and freed people who have feel into slavery because of
debt. In response to solons’ reformation new problems arise such as power struggles
between aristocrats and the new system set up and finally Athens fell into a tyranny
Pisistratus who seized power in 560 B.C.E became the ruler of Athens for a few years
later.
The Peloponnesian war:
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During the Persian war Greece became Sparta and its supporters were against Athenian
maritime empire. War broke out 431 B.C.E. Both side believed they had the right
strategy where the Athenians would stay in their walls and have their navy take care of
them. Pericles knew that they couldn't win in an open fight and that's what Sparta
hoped for. They attacked Athens hoping they would send out their army to fight. In the
second year of war the plague broke out in Athens killing Pericles (429 B.C.E.). Even
after that loss they still fought Sparta for another 27 years until they were besieged by
Sparta in 405 B.C.E.
Sparta:
Culture:
Sparta was between 800 and 600 BCE enforced a series a reforms that made the life of the Spartans be
well rigid and controlled. Men were forced to join the military at the age of seven and dedicate their life
to the Spartan army while the men were expected to be stay at home wife's. So while the men were
away the women were given the rights to own land and supervise large estates
Government:
The government was run by two kings who were primarily in charge of the military.
A group of men who were known as ephors were elected every year and were in charge of the
education the youth and citizens.
A council of elders that included the king were in the assembly and decided the issues that would be
presented to the assembly
Group 3
Day 2- Athens -Originally rule by a monarchy but fell under the control of aristocrats in seventh century
B.C.E -A council of nobles controlled politics along with "archons"(a board of nine officials) -During an
economic crisis, Athenian farmers who could not pay off loans were sold as slaves -Solon was given full
power to change the system, and he canceled the land debts and freed those enslaved by their debt Pisistratus, another aristocrat, took over after him but the Athenians rebelled against his son -The
Athenian assembly was then created -The Athenian consisted of only males Sparta -Located in
Southeastern Peloponnesus, Sparta -The lives of Spartans were now rigidly organized and tightly
controlled -The word Spartan means "highly self-disciplined" -At age 20, Spartan males were enrolled
into the army for regular military service -Although allowed to marry, they continued to live in the
barracks while the women lived at home -Spartan citizens were discouraged from studying philosophy,
literature, arts, or any other subject that might encourage new thoughts. -Deliberately turned back on
the outside world. -Two kings were primarily responsible for military affairs and served as leaders of the
Spartan Army -A group of 5 men, known as ephors, were elected each year for the education of youth
and the conduct of all citizens Pelopennesian War -At the beginning of the war, both sides believed that
they had a wing strategy. -Athenians remained behind the protective wall of Athens. They knew the
would fail in open battle. -The chief aim of the Spartan Army was to get them to fight in open battle. During the second year of the war, plague devastated the crowded city of Athens and wiped out about
1/3 of the population. -Pericles died the following year, a severe loss to Athens. -Despite this death,
Athens fought for another 27 years -When the Athenian Fleet was destroyed at Aegospotamian on the
Hellespont. -Athens surrendered in 404 B.C.E. -It's walls were torn down, the navy was disbanded, and
the Athenian Empire was no more.
Group 4
The Pelopenneisan War:
Spartan and Athens at odds
Spartan attacked Athens
Athens hid from Sparta like lil
Plague
hits Athens
Sparta destroys Aegospotami like a boss
Athens surrender 🇫🇷 to end the war
Athens:
700 B.C.E Athens established a unified polis on the peninsula of Attica
Ruled by a monarchy until seventh century then was over thrown by its aristocrats
Farmers sold into slavery due to being unable to pay loans and gave themselves up as collateral
594 B.C.E aristocrats gave all power to make changes to Solon la reform-minded aristocrat
Solon did away with loans based on collateral
Freed slaves
Spartan:
Sparta is a Greek state located in southeastern Pelopennesus
They needed more land so they held a council with the other—— nah J.K. Talking isn't what Spartans do they
aren't with that
nerd
They conquered the neighboring laconians and messenians like fu**ing champs!
Their lives were tightly controlled
Young Spartan boys were snatched up from their parents like Jared Fogle at Toys R Us
Group 5
Athens: one of the oldest named cities in the world. Inhabited for at least 5000 years. Located in Southern
Europe. Resentment felt by other cities at the beginning of Athens after the Peloponnesian war.
Peloponnesian war:
Sparta and Athenian maritime empire
War started in 431 BCE
athenians planned to stay protected behind the walls of Athens
Sparta was trying to fight them in open battles because they were better in open combat
Athens was besieged and surrendered in 404 BCE
Sparta was a military-based Greek city state that was well known for its military. It is best depicted by the movie
300.
Group 6
Peloponnesian War
-War outbreak began in 431 BC
-Between the Athenians and Spartans
-Plague wiped out 1/3 of the population of Athens
-Athens surrendered in 404 BC
-The war weakened the major Greek states
-The next 70 years were sorry tales of efforts by Sparta, Athens and Thebes
Athens
-established a unified polis on the peninsula
-First was ruled by a monarchy
-Fell under control of aristocrats in the seventh century
-By the end of the seventh century the economy began to go to s***
-In 594 b.c.e Solon canceled all loan debts and outlawed new loans based on humans as
collateral
-He didn't fix the f***** up economy
-Pisistratus then got into power in 560 b.c.e
-The people rebelled against his son
-The people made the government into a dumb a** oligarchy
-In 508 b.c.e Cleisthenes who create a council of five hundred
-This now gave the idiotic people a chance to participate in government
Sparta
-located in the southeastern Peloponnesus
-between 800 & 600 b.c.e (a long a** time)
-"Spartan" means highly self discipline, yeah right
-helots
-forced to work for those stupid f****** Spartans
-from the Greek word "capture"
-spartan life
-males taken away @ age 7
-enrolled in the army @ age 20
-ephors
-elected each year & were responsible for education of youth & conduct of all citizens
-a.k.a the ones that probably helped shape this he� � we're in now, oops, I mean school
-there's probably a reason why their name sounds like EFFERS