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145 2/7/2017 Solar System Notes EQ: Why is our solar system a system? Solar System Notes Practice/Application: Starter: What do you know about the solar system? Exit: Connection : 146 2/7/2017 Feb 7, 2017 AGENDA 6.11A: describe the physical properties, locations, and movements of the Sun, planets, Galilean moons, meteors, asteroids, and comets. 6.11B: understand that gravity is the force that governs the motion of our solar system. 6.11C describe the history and future of space exploration, including the types of equipment and transportation needed for space travel. 1 Starter 2. Notes 3. Exit Table of Contents Date Lecture/ Activity/ Lab 1/17 Balanced and Unbalanced Forces 1/18 Balanced and Unbalanced Forces Lab 1/19 Interpreting Graphs 1/20 Matching Speed and Motion Graphs 1/23 Walking Lab II 1/24 Simple Machines Pre-view 1/25 Simple Machine Notes 1/26 Simple Machines Lab 1/31-2/1 Solar System Webquest Page 123-124 125-128 129-130 131-132 133-134 135-136 137-138 139-140 141-142 145 2/7/2017 Solar System Notes EQ: Why is our solar system a system? Starter: What do you know about the solar system? Exit: 146 Solar System Notes 2/7/2017 Practice/Application: Glue Solar system notes here Connection : The Solar System Our planet resides within the Milky Way Galaxy. The Milky Way is a collection of some 200 billion stars. One of the many stars in the Milky Way is our Sun. Captured by the Sun’s gravity are the Earth, other planets, asteroids, comets and meteors. Within the Solar System are other small systems. Each one of the systems interacts with others to form our entire Solar System. For example, the Moon and Earth interact to cause the ocean tides on Earth. The Earth is part of the planetary system, which is part of the Solar System. As you can see from the diagram, our universe consists of systems within systems. Milky Way Galaxy Solar System Planets and minor Bodies Earth/Moon System The Solar System includes the Sun, planets, natural satellites of planets (moons) and minor objects called asteroids, comets and meteoroids. Notice that stars other than the Sun are not considered part of the solar system. The sun powers many systems on Earth including photosynthesis, the water cycle and wind. Its gravitational pull keeps the planets from shooting off into space. It also lights some of the objects we see in space, such as the Moon. Without the energy from the Sun, the Earth would become a frozen and dead world. The sun gets its energy through a process known as nuclear fusion. During nuclear fusion, hydrogen and helium gases fuse and release a tremendous amount of heat and light. This is how all stars get their energy and how they are able to produce their own light. Planets are large bodies that orbit a star. Planets shine by reflected light. If the sun stopped producing energy, we would not be able to see planets from Earth in space because there would be no light to reflect off of the planets. Planets have two kinds of motion. earth rotation One is rotation, where the planet spins on its axis. The other type of motion is revolution. Revolution means that the planet moves in an orbit around a star. The time it takes for a planet to rotate one complete spin on its axis is called period of rotation or a day. earth rotation On earth, one rotation is equal to about 24 hours. Some planets spin faster than Earth, so a day would be much shorter. The time it takes for a planet to complete one revolution around a star is called the period of revolution. A period of revolution is equal to one year on that planet. On earth, it takes 365 ¼ days for the earth to make one revolution around the sun. sun Rotation on an axis Revolution around Sun Natural satellites are called moons. These are bodies that orbit a more massive body. Earth has only one natural satellite, the Moon. Other planets, such as Jupiter, have more than one moon. Jupiter has 63 moons. Moons have the same kind of motion, rotation and revolution, as planets. Our moon rotates one time every 27.3 days. Strangely, it also revolves once around the earth every 27.3 days. This means its day and year are the same length! Asteroids are rocky fragments. They vary in size and are found in a belt between Jupiter and Mars. Sometimes they wander out of the asteroid belt. They may crash into Earth and scientists believe an asteroid impact on earth was responsible for the extinction of the dinosaurs. Comets are made of ice, dust and gases. They travel around the sun in very large oval shaped orbits. As the comet travels near the sun, the heat causes materials in the comet to vaporize and glow. The glowing material trails for millions of miles behind the comet. This trail is called the comet’s tail. Meteoroids are small particles of rock and dust that move through the solar system. When these particles enter the earth’s atmosphere, they run into air particles. Friction from the encounter causes the particles to heat up and glow with light. As it passes through Earth’s atmosphere, the meteoroid begins to burn. We call a burning meteoroid a meteor. Meteors are sometimes called shooting stars. But they are not stars. Most meteors never reach the surface of the earth. If the meteor does reach the earth’s surface, it is called a meteorite. Meteorites have created craters on earth and many craters on the Moon. 145 2/7/2017 EQ: Why is our solar system a system? Starter: What do you know about the solar system? 146 Solar System Notes Solar System Notes 2/7/2017 Practice/Application: Glue Solar system notes here Connection : Planets Exit: What does it orbit? Where is it found? What does it look like? Example What is the best thing about it? Moons Sun Asteroids Comets Connection: Fill in the missing information Planets What does it orbit? Where is it found? What does it look like? Example What is the best thing about it? Moons Sun Asteroids Comets 145 2/7/2017 EQ: Why is our solar system a system? Starter: What do you know about the solar system? 146 Solar System Notes Solar System Notes 2/7/2017 Practice/Application: Glue Solar system notes here Connection : Planets Exit: Summarize what you learned today in 4-5 sentences. What does it orbit? Where is it found? What does it look like? Example What is the best thing about it? Moons Sun Asteroids Comets