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English Grammar Tutorial: Stems, Prefixes and Suffixes The following document will help you learn about stems, prefixes and suffixes. If you don’t have a good internet connection, you can download the PDF to this document here and make use of the lesson offline. Stems A stem is the main part of a word. Sometimes it is called the root of a word. Examples: mainly helpful rejoice playing unpack The words in bold are called stems or roots. Stems are the main part of all the words in the examples. Test yourself Look at the examples again and say out loudly the stems of each word. Make a list of words in which you can recognise the stems. Letters attached to the start of the stem are called prefixes. Letters attached to the end of the stem are called suffixes. Prefixes A prefix is attached to the start of a word. Examples: rewrite unscramble mislead dismiss A word can have 2 prefixes. Examples: over + re + act = overreact stand = misunderstand mis + under + List of common prefixes Prefix Meaning Examples anti against; opposing antidepressant de opposite derail dis opposite of; not disobey en/em cause to engulf; embed fore before foreground in/im in; into indoors in/im; il; ir not incorrect; illegal; irrelevant inter between; among interchange mid middle midnight mis wrongly mislead non not nonfiction over too much; over; above overgrown para beside paramedic post after postpone pre before prehistoric re again regain semi half semiconscious sub below; under submarine super above; beyond supernatural trans through; Across transnational un not; opposite of unmarried under below; under underperform Suffixes A suffix is attached to the end of a word. Examples: kindness suggesting prepared useful A word can have 2 suffixes. Examples: wonder + ful + ly = wonderfully Note: sometimes, an extra consonant is added to a word just before the suffix. Examples: suffix ing) stopping (note the extra p before the In some cases, the vowel e ending a word is removed before the suffix. Examples: truly come coming true A word can have both a prefix and a suffix at the same time. Examples: Overcooked unhappily understanding List of common suffixes Suffix Meaning Examples able; ible can be done; is; can be available; accessible al; ial having characteristics of emotional; residential ed past tense verbs talked en made of strengthen er comparative; more stronger er; or; ar person connected with baker; conductor; beggar est most strongest ful full of fearful iI relating to; characterised by analytic ing verb form; present participle eating ion; tion; ation; ition act; process action; preparation ily manner of steadily ity; ty state of activity; infinity adjective form of a noun expensive less without careless ly characteristic of; manner of friendly; happily ive; ative; itive ment action; result; process retirement ness state of; condition of sadness ous; eous; ious possessing the qualities of joyous; courageous; glorious s; es plural of nouns films; boxes y characterised by funny Test yourself Say out loud the examples of prefix and suffix above Make a list of 5 different words with prefixes and 5 with suffixes Make a list of words that have a prefix as well as a suffix If you want to keep practising stems prefixes and suffixes, you can download this document here and use it offline.