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Name:______________________________________________________________________________________________Date:________________________Class:_____________________ Science Benchmark Study Guide Characteristics of Science: 5. List the steps of the Scientific Method. 1. What is a graduated cylinder used to measure? Volume 2. Which science tool is used to measure the mass of an object? 6. When should safety rules and precautions be planned? 3. Read the graduated cylinders below. 7. Why is it important for scientists to record accurate data while experimenting? 8. If you wanted to verify a claim, which step of the scientific method would help you do so? 4 Read the triple beam balances below. 9. I want to calculate how much liquid I have, which tool should I use? 10. When comparing how much water two plants absorb, what could I do to figure how much each plant absorbed? Theories of the Solar System: Name that Theory: ______________________________________1. Expansion of the universe ______________________________________2. Sun Centered Solar System Heliocentric Geocentric 9. What is nebula? ______________________________________3. Earth Centered 10. What evidence supports the universe is expanding? ______________________________________4. Lemaitre and Hubble ______________________________________5. Aristotle and Ptolemy 12. Rank the following objects in terms of size. Largest to smallest. ______________________________________6. Copernicus and Galileo ______________________________________Galaxy ______________________________________7. Jupiter’s Moons ______________________________________Sun 8. Draw and explain Geocentric and Heliocentric Theories. ______________________________________Earth ______________________________________Universe 13. What type of galaxy do we live in? 14. Where is our solar system located within the Milky Way? 15. A Light year measures? ____________________________________________ 16. Name the three types of galaxies: 1. _____________________________________________ ___________________ Inner Outer 7. What causes the Moon to orbit the Earth? Explain. 2. _____________________________________________ ___________________ 3. _____________________________________________ ____________________ Comparing Planets: 1. What mnemonic device helps you remember the order of the planets? 2. Describe Inner Planets. 8. Name that Planet! ________________________________________________ Largest Planet ________________________________________________ Earth’s Twin Sister ________________________________________________ Red Planet 3. Describe Outer Planets. 4. Which planets have greater gravity? Remember Mass! ________________________________________________ Methane Gas/Blue ________________________________________________ Rotates on its side ________________________________________________ Hottest Planet 5. What makes Earth unique and have the ability to support life? ________________________________________________ Great Red Spot ________________________________________________ Most Visible Rings 6. Is Earth an Inner or Outer Planet? Circle One. 9. Label the Planets. ___________________________________365 ¼ days or One Earth Year ___________________________________24 hours or One Day ___________________________________Causes the Sun to appear to rise/set 3. What does Earth’s tilt cause? ________________________________________ 4. What percentage of Earth lit up at any given time? _______________ Gravity: Motions: 1. What is the difference between the terms rotation and revolution? 2. Name that motion 1. What is the force that governs motion in the solar system? 2. What two factors affect the gravitational force between two objects? 3. Why do the planets revolve around the Sun? ___________________________________Earth orbiting the Sun ___________________________________Earth spinning on its axis ___________________________________Makes stars seam to move in sky 4. Why does the moon revolve or orbit Earth instead of the Sun? Space Rocks: 1. Label the Diagram. 1. What are comets? 2. Where do they form? 3. Why does a comets tail always point away from the Sun? 4. Name that object! __________________________________________A large chunk of rock/metal orbiting between Mars and Jupiter __________________________________________A piece of an asteroid that has broken off and is moving in space __________________________________________A meteoroid that is burning up in the atmosphere; a shooting star __________________________________________A chuck of rock or metal that hits the surface of a planet; creating a huge crater on impact