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Name: ________________________
Social Studies
Date: ____________
Mrs. Gilbert
Greece- Section 4- Sparta and Athens
Vocabulary:
1. Sparta
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2. Helot
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3. Peloponnesian War
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4. Plague
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5. Blockade
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Living in Sparta
1. life in Sparta very different from Athens
2. life was harsh, military like
3. Sparta's army was very strong
A City Devoted to War
1. Sparta was originally like other city-states
2. Government changed and Sparta did too
3. Very powerful war machine
4. Motto: Always put the city's needs above
your own
5. Spartans conquered surrounding lands
6. The conquered people were helots- the
servants of Sparta
7. Helots did all the work for the Spartans
8. There were many more helots than Spartans
9. Spartans treated helots harshly to keep them under control
Growing Up in Sparta
1. Government controlled lives of Spartans
2. Sickly babies were left to die
3. Training for boys began at age of 7
4. Tough training last for 13 years
5. Boys were expected to bear pain, hardship, and punishment in silence
6. Girls competed in wrestling and spear
throwing
7. They were not soldiers but were trained as
one
8. Women in Sparta had rights
A. they could own land
B. they could take part in business
9. Spartans were known for their skill and
bravery
10. Spartan life lacked beauty and pleasure
like the Athenians
11. Spartans played a key role in Greek wars
against the Persians
The Persians Invade
1. early 400s BC- Persia becoming a threat
to Greece
The Expanding Persian Empire
1. Cyrus the Great- leader of Persia
2. The Persians expanded their empire to
include some Greek colonies in Asia Minor
Battle at Marathon
1. 490 BC- Persia invaded Greece at a city state called Marathon.
2. Marathon is 25 miles north of Athens
3. The army of Athens went to Marathon to
defend Greece
4. The Athenians attacked the Persians
5. Many Persians were killed and not many
Athenians
6. The Persians retreated and for this battle
Athens won!!!!
Citizen Heroes
1. In another Persian attack at Thermoplylae
the Spartan soldiers were outnumbered by
the Persians.
2. They stayed to fight the Persians
3. They all died defending Greece
Conflict and the Athenian Empire
1. After the Persians were defeated, Athens
became the city-state that the others wanted
to unite with
2. Athens became the leader of the other
city states
Sparta and Athens at War
1. Athens began to treat the other city-states
unfairly
2. Other city-states paid Athens a tribute.
3. Athens used it for its own benefit like
building the Parthenon in Athens
4. The other city states began to resent Athens
5. They asked Sparta to help them fight
against Athens
6. 431 BC began the Peloponnesian War
7. This was a fight between Athens and Sparta and other city-states.
8. It lasted 27 years!!!!!!!!!!!
9. It is called the Peloponnesian War because
Sparta was on the Pelopponese peninsula
10. Athens was on the peninsula of Attica
The Fall of Athens
1. We know about the Peloponnesian War from
the Greek historian Thucydides
2. He was an eyewitness of the war
3. Athens was struck with a plague that killed
1/3 of Athenians
4. Pericles died from the plague
5. Athens never recovered from all its loses
6. In 405 BC the Spartans staged a
blockade.
7. They cut Athens off of its supplies
8. The Athenians surrendered in 404 BC
9. Athens never dominated the Greek world
again