Download Digestive System

Bellringer
 What is the function of the digestive system?
 Name as many organs of the digestive system as you
can.
Digestive System
Jackilyn Byrd, RN, BSN
Gastrointestinal System
 GI= gastrointestinal
 Group of organs that work together to turn food into
energy
Functions:
 Ingestion
 Secretion
 Mixing & Movement
 Digestion
 Absorption
 Excretion
Functions: Breaking it down
 Ingestion
 Get food in through the mouth
 Secretion
 In one day, 7 L of fluid
 Saliva, bile, mucus, hydrochloric acid, enzymes
Functions: Breaking it down
 Mixing & Movement
 Swallowing
 Peristalsis
 Digestion
 Process of breaking the food down into chemical
components
 Chewing
 enzymes
Functions: Breaking it down
 Absorption
 Stomach, small & large intestine
 Body absorbs the broken down food
 Excretion
 Defecation removes unusable products so it won’t
accumulate in your guts
The Organs & Path of
Digestion
The Mouth
 32 teeth chomp and chew and grind the food down
(physical breakdown)
 Salivary glands produce spit that moisten the food for
easy swallowing
 Tongue= taste buds and helps push the food to the
back of the mouth
Pharynx & Esophagus
 Pharynx=
 throat
 Epiglottis=flap to change from windpipe to food pipe
 Esophagus
 Tube that carries food from mouth down to stomach
The Stomach
 Muscular sac
 About the size of two closed fists
 Storage tank
 Hydrochloric acid & enzymes continue digestion here
Small intestine
 1” diameter
 10’-20’ long
 90% of absorption takes place here
Liver & Gallbladder
 Liver
 Weighs about 3#
 Produces bile to emulsify fats
 Secretes bile into small intestine
 Gallbladder
 Store and recycle excess bile to be used late
Pancreas
 6” long
 Lumpy snake
 Secretes digestive juices to complete chemical
digestion
Large Intestine
 2.5” diameter
 5’ long
 Absorbs water
 Helps break down waste products for excretion
Anus
 Fecal material
 Final waste product is expelled
Diseases and Abnormalities
Cholecystitis
 Bile becomes trapped in gallbladder (stones?)
 Blockage causes inflammation and pain
 s/s: sharp, cramping pain (burning), clay colored stools,
N/V
 Tx: antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, low fat diet. If
necessary, removal of gall bladder
Cirrhosis
 Healthy tissue replaced with scar tissue
 Will eventually cause back up of toxins in body
 Causes: Hep C, long term alcohol abuse, CHF
 S/S: loss of appetite, dec energy, jaundice, bruising,
light color stools
 Tx:
Hernia
 Rupture….an internal organ pushes through weakened
area
 Stomach/intestines protrudes into chest/abdominal
cavity
 S/S: heartburn, pain, distension, constipation
 Tx: bland diet, small frequent meals, surgical repair
Hernia