Download Astronomy – Phys 181 – Midterm Examination

Astronomy – Phys 181 – Final Examination
1) Galileo accomplished all of the following EXCEPT: (c)
a) Demonstrated that all objects are accelerated by gravity by the same
amount.
b) Stated that moving objects remain in motion in the absence of
forces.
c) Gave a mathematical explanation of the harmonic law.
d) Built a telescope in 1609.
2) An object which is thrown horizontally will strike the ground: (a)
a) At the same time as one dropped from rest.
b) Before one dropped from rest.
c) After one dropped from rest.
d) Never.
3) Newton’s first law most nearly states that: (b)
a) The force of gravity on an object is proportional to the product of
the masses and inversely proportional to the distance between the
masses.
b) Objects in motion will remain in motion.
c) The acceleration of an object is proportional to the force per unit
mass that acts on it.
d) For every action there is an equal and opposite action.
4) Newton’s second law most nearly states that: (c)
a) The force of gravity on an object is proportional to the product of
the masses and inversely proportional to the distance between the
masses.
b) Objects in motion will remain in motion.
c) The acceleration of an object is proportional to the force per unit
mass that acts on it.
d) For every action there is an equal and opposite action.
5) All objects near the Earth’s surface accelerate at the same rate, (d)
a) 1 m/s
b) 1 m/s/s
c) 10 m/s
d) 10 m/s/s
6) Newton’s law of gravitation is termed UNIVERSAL because: (b)
a) It was the best law available at the time.
b) Newton assumes that what is true on the earth is true everywhere.
c) Newton based his discovery on observations of the expansion of the
universe.
d) Because it is absolutely true in all circumstances.
7) In general, TIME in the space around the earth: (b)
a) Passes more slowly than on the surface
b) Passes more quickly than on the surface
c) Passes at the same rate as on the surface
d) Cannot be measured
8) According to the inverse square law, if the separation between two objects
is tripled, the gravitational force between them is reduced by a factor
of: (a)
a) 1/9
b) 1/6
c) 1/3
d) none of these
9) The universal gravitational constant “G” is determined by: (c)
a) Observing the moons of Jupiter.
b) Observing the motion of projectiles.
c) A clever experiment involving a balance-beam.
d) The harmonic law.
10)
It is possible for a projectile fired horizontally to orbit the earth
because: (d)
a) Gravity has less effect on such projectiles.
b) Its acceleration depends on the square of the velocity.
c) The rotation of the earth comes into play.
d) The earth is curved.
11)
Newton accomplished all of the following EXCEPT: (c)
a) Invention of Calculus.
b) Explanation of the tides.
c) Understanding of space-time.
d) Proof of Kepler’s Laws.
12)
Wien’s Law is most closely related to a hot object’s: (d)
a) Brightness
b) Reflectivity
c) Composition
d) Color
13)
Frequency is best defined as: (a)
a) The number of waves that pass by a given point in 1 second.
b) The number of seconds it takes for a wave to pass.
c) The inverse of the wavelength.
d) A measure of a waves energy.
14)
The speed of light is most nearly:
a) 3 m/s
b) 300,000 m/s
c) 300,000,000 m/s
d) 300,000,000,000 m/s
15)
(c)
Which of the following terms are in order from least to highest energy?
(b)
a)
b)
c)
d)
Gamma –
Radio –
Gamma –
Visible
Radio –
Visible
Visible
– Radio
Visible
– Gamma
– Radio
– Gamma
16)
Which of the following terms are in order from highest to lowest
temperature? (a)
a) X-Ray – Ultraviolet – Infrared
b) Infrared – Ultraviolet – X-Ray
c) Ultraviolet – X-Ray – Infrared
d) Infrared – X-Ray – Ultraviolet
17)
It is important to study electro-magnetic radiation in astronomy
chiefly because: (c)
a) Of the process of diffraction.
b) Electromagnetic radiation can be harmful to humans.
c) All of the information we can get from the cosmos is in the form of
electromagnetic radiation.
d) Electromagnetic radiation is easy to detect.
18)
Reflection is useful in astronomy because: (b)
a) More starlight is visible because there appear to be more stars.
b) Light scatters of dust and gas, making it visible.
c) All telescopes require reflection.
d) None of these
19)
Emission and Absorption spectra are seen because: (c)
a) We are not able to see all of the frequencies of light.
b) Of the process of diffraction.
c) Atoms only absorb or emit certain frequencies.
d) Of the process reflection.
20)
Neutron
a) They
b) They
c) They
d) They
21)
stars are particularly interesting to astronomers when: (d)
explode
collide with black holes
pass near the earth
emit regular pulses of radio waves
After light from a hot source passes through a cloud of cold gas, an
observer may detect: (d)
a) Nothing
b) An absorption spectrum
c) An emission spectrum
d) Both an absorption and emission spectrum
22)
The thermal blackbody radiation spectrum: (b)
a) Is identical for all hot objects.
b) Shows a peak value at a particular wavelength.
c) Is a graph of wavelength as a function of velocity.
d) Is a temperature scale used in astronomy.
23)
Newton’s third law most nearly states that: (d)
a) The force of gravity on an object is proportional to the product of
the masses and inversely proportional to the distance between the
masses.
b) Objects in motion will remain in motion.
c) The acceleration of an object is proportional to the force per unit
mass that acts on it.
d) For every action there is an equal and opposite action.
24)
The Stefan-Boltzmann Law is most closely related to a hot object’s: (a)
a) Brightness
b) Reflectivity
c) Composition
d) Color
25)
The magnitude of Doppler shift seen by an observer depends on: (b)
a) The frequency of the waves.
b) The relative motion of the observer and source.
c) The speed of the waves.
d) The amplitude of the waves
26)
If
by an
a)
b)
c)
d)
a star is approaching the earth, the wavelengths of light observed
astronomer will appear: (b)
Red shifted.
Blue shifted.
Red or Blue shifted depending on speed.
The same as if there were no relative motion.
27)
The diameter of our sun is most nearly:
a) 10000 times the diameter of Earth.
b) 1000 timed the diameter of Earth.
c) 100 times the diameter of Earth.
d) 10 times the diameter of Earth.
28)
At
a)
b)
c)
d)
29)
Hubble’s Law relates: (d)
a) The brightness of stars and their distance from earth
b) The temperature of stars and their distance from earth
c) The age of stars and their distance from earth
d) The velocity of stars and their distance from earth
30)
The radiation from the sun is produced by which process? (d)
a) Chemical burning.
b) Radiative cooling.
c) Gravitational contraction.
d) Nuclear fusion.
31)
Albert Einstein’s formula E=mc2 implies that: (a)
a) Energy and mass are interchangeable.
b) Matter cannot be destroyed.
c) Energy is conserved.
d) Nothing can have a speed greater than light.
32)
(c)
the equator, the rotational period of the sun is: (c)
The same as at the poles.
Greater than at the poles.
Less than at the poles.
Sometimes greater, sometimes less than at the poles.
Which of the following lists of terms are arranged in the correct
order, from the inside of a star toward the outside? (a)
a) Radiation – Convection zone – Chromosphere
b) Convection zone – Radiation - Convection zone
c) Convection zone – Chromosphere – Radiation
d) Chromosphere - Convection zone – Radiation
33)
The process of Gravitational Equilibrium results in: (c)
a) Stars roughly the same size as our sun.
b) Supernova explosions.
c) Stellar temperature regulation.
d) Sun spots.
34)
The surface of the sun has a granular appearance because of:
a) Sun spot activity
b) Strong magnetic fields
c) Refraction
d) Convective cells
35)
Wavelength is best defined as: (d)
a) The distance from the source of a wave to its destination.
b) The maximum height of the wave.
c) The maximum depth of a wave.
d) The distance between peaks of a wave.
36)
In order to determine the proper motions of stars, one must observe:
(a)
a)
b)
c)
d)
37)
38)
The
The
The
The
Doppler shift and angular motion.
Doppler shift and luminous intensity.
luminous intensity and angular motion.
parallax and luminous intensity.
A change in apparent magnitude by 5 corresponds to a change in apparent
brightness of: (b)
a) 10
b) 100
c) 1000
d) 10000
The order of spectral classification of stars is based on: (a)
a) Temperature
b) Brightness
c) Apparent magnitude
d) Red shift
39)
On the H-R Diagram shown below, a very high mass star will spend most
of it life in what region? (d)
D
L
U
M
I
N
O
S
I
T
Y
C
A
B
O
40)
B
A
F G K M
On the H-R Diagram shown above, where are you most likely to find a
white dwarf star? (b)
41)
On
a)
b)
c)
d)
the
The
The
The
The
H-R Diagram shown above, the diagonal line represents: (d)
division between high and low mass stars
division between high and low temperature stars
evolution of stars like our own Sun
Main Sequence
42)
A spectrum that shows only a few strong lines is termed a/an: (d)
a) Reflection spectrum.
b) Refraction spectrum.
c) Absorption spectrum.
d) Emission spectrum.
43)
Our Sun will eventually evolve into: (c)
a) A Blue Giant
b) A Red Giant
c) A White Dwarf and planetary Nebula
d) A Supernova Explosion
44)
Neutron stars are the result of:
a) Supernova explosions
b) Main sequence burning
c) Black holes
d) Accretion
45)
Unknown to Newton, it is now understood that gravity is due to: (b)
a) Rapid rotation
b) Space-Time curvature
c) Electro-magnetic Radiation
d) Mass
(a)
46)
The General Theory of Relativity is based on what principle? (c)
a) The constancy of the speed of light
b) E=mc2
c) Equivalence
d) Universal Gravitation
47)
It
a)
b)
c)
d)
48)
The largest fractions of galaxies in our universe are: (a)
a) Spiral
b) Elliptical
c) Irregular
d) Barred spiral
49)
Olber’s Paradox states that: (c)
a) You’re damned if you do, you’re damned if you don’t
b) The simplest idea is usually the correct one
c) An infinite universe would contain an infinite number of stars
d) It is impossible to distinguish between gravity and acceleration
50)
All of the stars in the universe seem to be moving away from us due to
the fact that:
a) The universe is expanding into a higher dimension
b) The earth is at the center of the expanding universe
c) Gravity increases red shift
d) Proper motions are difficult to measure
is known that the type of galaxy we live in is:
Spiral
Elliptical
Irregular
Barred spiral
(a)