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Lab 11 Anatomy of the Digestive System, Digestive Histology & Enzymes - Post-Lab Questions Suggestions: Section I - Each question in this section carries a 0.5 point value. Mix and match any two questions to make up a question with 1 point value 1. Identify an accessory organ of the digestive system. 2. Identify any portion of the alimentary canal. 3. How many layers are there in the wall of the GI tract? 4. What is a villus (villi)? Where is it found? 5. In which layer of the GI tract would you find lamina propria? 6. Islet cells are found in what organ? 7. What is another name for a liver cell? 8. What is the name of the tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach? 9. What are the three parts of the small intestine? 10. Name the specializations exhibited by the small intestine for increased digestion and absorption. 11. Name the salivary glands. 12. What is the function of the tunica mucosa? 13. What is the function of the muscularis externa? 14. _____________ is the large collection of lymphoid tissue found in the submucosa of the large intestine 15. _____________ valve is at the junction between the small and large Intestine 16. _____________________ is the structure that suspends the small intestine from the posterior body wall 17. This is a passageway for both air and food ___________________________ 18. How many lobes are there in the human liver? 19. 20. To what portion of the colon is the appendix attached? _________________________ is the ligament that attaches the tooth to the alveolar socket 21. __________________ is the exposed part of the tooth above the gingiva 22. ________________ is a calcified connective tissue that attaches the tooth to the periodontal ligament 23. ____________________ is the duct formed by the joining of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct. 24. What is the name of the duct that drains bile from the gall bladder? 25. Identify any layer of the GI tract from the attached diagram/projected image. 26. Identify any structure from the cat digestive system on the diagrams provided/image. 27. Identify any structure/organ of the digestive system from the diagrams provided/projected image. 28. What effect does the addition of an appropriate enzyme have on a reaction rate? 29. What is the name of the protein digesting enzyme that was used in the lab? 30. Identify the organ that secretes trypsin in humans. 31. What is the substrate for trypsin in the enzymes lab? 32. Identify any organ that secretes amylase. 33. What is the substrate for amylase in the lab? 34. Amylase digests starch into what product? 35. A positive benedict’s test means what is present in solution? 36. A solution turns blue-black in the presence of iodine. What is present in the solution? 37. Lipases catalyze a reaction between H2O and lipids and produce which products? 38. What substance could be added to a solution of lipase, water and fat to increase the effectiveness of the lipase? 39. Blue litmus turns pink in (acid/base) pH. ( Pick the appropriate answer) 40. In the digestive enzymes lab, Benedict’s solution tested for _________________? 41. Compare and contrast salivary and pancreatic amylase 42. Lipases catalyze a reaction between water and lipids and produce which products? 43. What is the name of the protein digesting enzyme? 44. Trypsin is produced by _____________________ 45. Amylase is produced by ________________ 46. A _____________________ provides a standard of comparison for test results 47. ___________ is the test for the presence of starch; indicated by a blue-black color 48. _______________________ Test for the presence of a reducing sugar (eg, maltose, sucrose, glucose); indicated by a color change from blue to green 49. Lipase is produced by _________________________ 50. What is emulsification? 51. Name the end product(s) of lipid metabolism. 52. Name the end product of Carbohydrate metabolism 53. Name the end product of protein metabolism 54. Diagram or projected image of prepared slides of duodenum, liver, pancreas, stomach - you can ask for any structure that is listed in the objectives. Section II Each question in this section carries a 1 point value 55. The small intestine exhibits three specializations to increase surface area for digestion and absorption. List and briefly describe these specializations 56. How is the cat digestive system different from the human digestive system? List two differences. 57. Name the layers of the wall of the alimentary tract ( inner to outer layer) 58. Name the layers of the wall of the alimentary tract ( outer to inner layer) 59. Make a sketch and label the ductal system of the liver, gall bladder and the pancreas. 60. Identify the substrate for the following enzymes: Lipase; trypsin; amylase 61. List three characteristics of enzymes 62. Is bile an enzyme? Why or why not? 63. The three dimensional structure of a functional protein is altered by intense heat or by nonphysiological pH even though peptide bonds might not be broken. Such inactivation is called denaturation and denatured enzymes are nonfunctional. Explain why. 64. Trypsin is a protease similar to pepsin, the protein digesting enzyme of the stomach. Would trypsin work as well in the stomach? Explain your answer