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Chapter 13 Therapies for Psychological Disorders What is Therapy? Therapy for psychological disorders takes a variety of forms, but all involve some relationship focused on improving a person’s mental, behavioral, or social functioning What is Therapy? Therapy – The Components of Therapy In addition to the relationship between the therapist and the patient/client, the therapeutic process typically involves some or all of the following processes: Contemporary Approaches to Therapy Psychological therapies – Based on psychological principles (rather than biomedical approach) The psychological therapies are often collectively called ____________ Contemporary Approaches to Therapy Biomedical therapies – Types of Mental Health Care Professionals Cultural Variations Treating mental illness varies widely across cultures: How Do Psychologists Treat Mental Disorders? Psychologists employ two main forms of treatment: the insight therapies and the behavioral therapies Insight Therapies Insight therapies – Psychotherapies in which the therapist helps patients/clients understand (gain insight into) their problems Insight Therapies Talk therapies – Insight Therapies Psychodynamic therapies – Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic Therapies Psychoanalysis – The form of psychodynamic therapy developed by Sigmund Freud Analysis of transference – Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic Therapies Neo-Freudian psychodynamic therapies – Insight Therapies: Humanistic therapies Humanistic therapies – Techniques based on the assumption that people have a tendency for positive growth and self actualization, which may be blocked by an unhealthy environment Client-centered therapy – Reflection of feeling – Insight Therapies: Cognitive therapies Cognitive therapy – Cognitive therapy for depression involves Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: A Synthesis Cognitive-behavioral therapy Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: A Synthesis Rational-emotive behavior therapy – Insight Therapies: Group therapies Group therapy – Psychotherapy with more than one client Self-help support groups – Insight Therapies: Group therapies For many issues, couples counseling or family therapy can often be more effective than individual therapy with one individual at a time Behavior Therapies Behavior therapy – Any form of psychotherapy based on the principles of behavioral learning, especially operant conditioning and classical conditioning Classical Conditioning Therapies Systematic desensitization – Exposure therapy – Classical Conditioning Therapies Aversion therapy – UCS (foul odor) UCR (nausea) CS (cigarette smoke) CR Operant Conditioning Therapies Contingency management – Approach to changing behavior by altering the consequences, especially rewards and punishments, of behavior Operant Conditioning Therapies Token economies – Participant Modeling: An Observational-Learning Therapy Participant modeling – Evaluating the Psychological Therapies Eysenck proposed that people with nonpsychotic problems recover just as well with or without therapy Reviews of evidence have shown: Mental “First Aid” If someone asks you for help, keep in mind that serious problems (especially those involving suicide or threats) require immediate professional treatment Otherwise, your best tools may involve How Is the Biomedical Approach Used to Treat Mental Disorders? Biomedical therapies seek to treat mental disorders by changing the brain’s chemistry with drugs, its circuitry with surgery, or its patterns of activity with pulses of electricity or powerful magnetic fields Drug Therapy Psychopharmacology – Drug Therapy Antipsychotic drugs Tardive dyskinesia – Drug Therapy Antidepressants and mood stabilizers The use of antidepressants to deal with general feelings of unease is highly controversial Drug Therapy Antianxiety drugs Drug Therapy Stimulants suppress activity level in persons with ______________________ There is controversy from concern that the causes and boundaries of ADHD are vague and the potential exists for overdiagnosis Psychosurgery Psychosurgery – The infamous prefrontal lobotomy is no longer performed Severing the corpus callosum, however, can reduce____________________ Brain-Stimulation Therapies Electroconvulsive therapy is used ______________________ Transcranial magnetic stimulation, a possible alternative to ECT, can also be used for the treatment of _______________________ Hospitalization and the Alternatives Therapeutic community – Deinstitutionalization – Hospitalization and the Alternatives Community mental health movement – End of Chapter 13
