Download Cardiovascular Disorders 1. Explain how to correctly place leads

Cardiovascular Disorders
1. Explain how to correctly place leads from a 12-lead electrocardiographic
(ECG) monitor.
2. Explain how to correctly place additional precordial leads for diagnosing
right ventricular and posterior infarctions.
3. Explain how to determine the heart's electrical axis.
4. Discuss the step-by-step systematic approach that should be used when
interpreting an ECG.
5. Describe how to monitor a patient by using an ECG machine during a
critical care transport.
6. Explain the assessment process for a patient undergoing ECG monitoring
during a critical care transport.
7. Describe how to identify a hemiblock on an ECG.
8. Explain the management of a patient with a hemiblock during critical care
transport.
9. Describe how to identify a bundle branch block on an ECG.
10. Explain the management of a patient with a bundle branch block during
critical care transport.
11. Describe the significance of ST- and T-wave changes and how they are
identified on an ECG. 12. Describe complications that can occur with a
cardiac patient during critical care transport.
13. Describe different criteria for determining the presence of left ventricular
hypertrophy (LVH), right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), and the presence
of strain.
14. Using various criteria, identify cases of LVH and RVH on a 12-lead
ECG.
15. Describe the clinical significance of LVH.
16. Identify criteria suggestive of right and left atrial enlargement, and
describe the clinical implications of such enlargement.
17. Describe the ECG changes that indicate the presence of Wolff-ParkinsonWhite syndrome.
18. Identify ECG changes that could indicate conditions such as pericarditis,
acute pulmonary embolism, and early repolarization variant.
19. Describe the potential implications of a prolonged QT interval.
20. Describe how to identify ventricular tachycardia on an ECG, including
when it occurs in conjunction with wide complex tachycardia.
21. Explain the management of a patient with ventricular tachycardia,
including when it occurs in conjunction with wide complex tachycardia.
22. Describe ECG changes associated with drug and electrolyte disturbances,
hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia and the
clinical implications of these conditions.
23. Generally describe the field of electrophysiology, including its purpose
and capabilities.
24. Describe the spectrum of therapeutic options for patients with cardiac
arrhythmias.
25. Briefly discuss the general categories of cardiovascular drugs and their
actions and indications.
26. Describe the pathophysiology, etiologies, symptoms, and treatments for
patients with the following cardiovascular conditions:
•! Coronary artery disease
•! Angina pectoris.
•! Myocardial infarction
•! Heart failure
•! Cardiac arrhythmia
•! Myocarditis
•! Pericardial disease
•! Infective endocarditis
•! Cardiomyopathy
•! End-stage heart disease
•! Mitral insufficiency
•! Mitral stenosis
•! Aortic insufficiency
•! Aortic stenosis
•! Hypertensive crisis
•! Aortic arterial disease
•! Peripheral vascular disease
27. Understand the basic concepts underlying cardiac pacemaker technology,
including the following:
•! Pacing circuits and impulses
•! Leads and electrodes
•! Single-chamber demand pacemakers and dual-chamber pacemakers
•! NASPE/BPEG Generic (NBG) codes for describing pacemaker functions
and capabilities.
28. Describe the general steps in pacemaker troubleshooting and the specifics
of identifying and resolving problems with electromagnetic interference.
29. Recognize single- and dual-chamber pacing systems by their ECG
characteristics.
30. Understand the purpose and function of the atriobiventricular pacing
device.
31. Describe the components and function of implantable cardioverter
defibrillators (ICDs).
32. Understand the purpose of an atrial tachycardia ICD.
33. List the types of therapy an ICD can deliver and their indications.
34. Discuss the general types of ICD malfunction, including the following:
•! Historical factors that may play a role or offer diagnostic clues
•! Common reasons for malfunction
•! The role of the “doughnut” magnet in managing ICD malfunction
35. Briefly list the special considerations related to external defibrillation
when an ICD is present.
!