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Jack Kilby's first integrated circuit 1958 Itanium 2, 592000000 transistors Coulomb blockade and the Kondo effect in single-atom transistors, Jiwoong Park, Abhay N. Pasupathy, Jonas I. Goldsmith, Connie Chang, Yuval Yaish, Jason R. Petta, Marie Rinkoski, James P. Sethna, Héctor D. Abruña, Paul L. McEuen, and Daniel C. Ralph, Nature 417 p. 722 (2002). Nanotube transistor 40 mA/mm Flexible active-matrix displays and shift registers based on solution-processed organic transistors, G. H. Gelinck, H. Edzer A. Huitema, E. Van Veenendaal, E. Cantatore, L. Schrijnemakers, J. B. P. H. Van Der Putten, T. C. T. Geuns, M. Beenakkers, J. B. Giesbers, B.H. Huisman, E. J. Meijer, E. Mena Benito, F. J. Touwslager, A. W. Marsman, B. J. E. Van Rens and D. M. de Leeuw, Nature Materials 3, pp.106110 (2004) doi: 10.1038/nmat1061. Molecular Electronics and Devices Molecular memories rotaxane Gating of a Molecular Transistor: Electrostatic and Conformational Avik W. Ghosh, Titash Rakshit, and Supriyo Datta Nanoletters April 14, 2004 pp 565 - 568; Bottom-up electronics •Allows atomic precision in device fabrication •Chemical synthesis is the ultimate form of mass production •Incorporate complexity to circuits at low cost New guiding principle for electronics: Start with atomically precise components, and build increasingly complex circuits by chemical synthesis. Self-assembly of electronic ink memories Volatile DRAM, SRAM Density - speed Non-volatile Magnetic, flash, molecular Large-scale applications Lighting – Philips nanowires Solar cells – nanosys makes solar cells Displays labels RFID Perspective •It will not be possible to make transistors with similar characteristics to CMOS transistors that are significantly smaller than CMOS transistors. •Exotic devices (single-electron transistors, spintronics, interference devices) are impractical. •The miniaturization of electronic circuits will end with CMOS. Output impedance 1E10 DNA C60 output impedance W 1E8 Tans Si nanowire 1E6 SET NEC Bachtold 1 MW/mm 1E4 1 kW/mm Intel 100 Schön 1 1E-6 1E-7 1E-8 Source-drain distance [m] 1E-9 Ion/Ioff = 66 Conformational Molecular Rectifiers Alessandro Troisi and Mark A. Ratner Nanoletters April 14, 2004 pp 591 - 595;