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Monotheistic Religions Islam, Judaism, and Christianity Monotheistic Religions Islam “Submission to the will of Allah” Muslim- someone who practices Islam Founder- Muhammad Very wealthy merchant, did not like the troubles in society… Went to seek answers! Islam Practices Holy text- Koran/ Qu’ran (Written in Arabic) Founded/ Place of Origin- Arabian Peninsula (Mecca) Basic Belief- Live a good life Five Pillars of Islam Declaration of Faith Prayer- 5 times a day facing Mecca Alms- giving to charity Fasting Pilgrimage- travel to Mecca Caliph (Ruler) governs the religion Shari’ah- code of laws (used in religious and government ways) Islam The Arabian Peninsula • Traced back to as early as 3000 BC • Remote – empires from North could not invade • Nomadic • AD 500: market towns develop. • Most important was Makkah Division in Islam Sunni- believe that rulers of Islamic nations must practices Islam and believe in Allah Shia- believe that rulers of an Islamic nation must be a direct descendent of Muhammad Israelites • Exodus 1300 B.C. • Leader- Moses led them out and to current day Israel – Mt. Sinai- 10 commandments (basis for religious life and daily practices) *Temple of King Solomon- thought to hold the key to the monotheistic faiths • Monotheistic- Adonai (God) Judaism Founder- Abraham Covenant with God only worship him, no others • Hebrews- people who practice Judaism • Holy Text- Torah and Ten Commandments Main Idea- Live a good and moral life • Different views of Judaism Orthodox Conservative Reform • Rabbi’s - Jewish priests Christianity • Holy text- Bible (Gospel and New Testament) • Basic Belief- Have a personal relationship with god • Believe in God, Jesus, and the Trinity *Place of Origin/ Holy City- Jerusalem Divisions in Christianity Christians- those who practice Christianity All churches led by priests Catholic/ Orthodox- Believe in saints and the role of the Pope Protestant- do not believe in the Pope as a government official Methodist, Presbyterian, Lutheran, Baptist, etc. More personal form of worship