Download Ancient Egypt - World History

WORLD HISTORY NOTES
Ancient Egypt
DATE: _________________
 Egypt was different from Sumer
o
Egypt was a land of _________, _________, and ___________ diversity throughout its
3,000 year history.
o
The most important geographic feature of Ancient Egypt was ____________________.
 The Beginnings of Ancient Egypt
o
6,000 B.C. – The first ______________________ begin to settle around the Nile River.
o
3,100 B.C. – The King of Upper Egypt named _______________, united Upper and
Lower Egypt.
o Menes makes the city of _____________ his capital city.
 Egypt’s Pharaohs ruled as _______!
o
Pharaohs were Gods. (Different from
Mesopotamia civilizations…Kings
were ____________________ of
gods).
o
Pharaohs were the center of Egypt’s
____________, _____________,
and ____________.
o Would Egyptians ever question a
Pharaoh’s decision? Why?
 Hieroglyphics
o
A form of Egyptian writing based on ____________ characters for words and sounds.
 Rosetta Stone
o
The Rosetta Stone carries an inscription in different languages, which helped
___________the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic script.
o It is the only ______________ ________________of a larger slab recording a decree on
March 27th, 196 B.C.
 Social Classes in Ancient Egypt
 Menes & The Old Kingdom
o Members of Mene’s family passed the ___________ ___________ of Upper and
Lower Egypt from father to son to grandson.

A series of rulers from a single family is called a _____________.

Ancient Egypt would consist of 31 ______________, spanning 2,800 years.
 Immortality of the Pharaoh
o
____________________________________________
____________________________. He had an
eternal spirit or ______, that continued to take part in
the governing of Egypt.
o
Egyptians also believed that the _____ remained
much like a living pharaoh in its ___________ and
________.
o
Pharaho’s tombs needed the following:

_____________________: Artists decorated
the walls of the burial chamber with pictures
of whatever he might need or like. (Enless
__________, loved ones, devoted servants,
etc.)

Luxuries: ________________,
_________________, with precious stones,
___________________.

________________: Writings of what the
____________ ____________ were also
found on the tomb walls.
 The Old Kingdom & Pyramids
o The Old Kingdom was the great age of __________________ ________________ in
Ancient Egypt.
o The pharaohs expected to reign ______________. Their tombs (pyramids were more
important than their ________________.
 Pyramids at Giza
o
Blocks from the pyramids weighed at
least ________ tons. Some weigh
up to ________ tons.
o
________________ worked on the
pyramids in order to be fed during
the flood season.
o About 80 pyramids still stand in the
Egyptian desert.
 First Illness Brings Ruin
o
The Old Kingdom comes to an end.
o
Power of the pharaohs declined.

More and more power fell to the ______________ & ______________.

Local rulers struggled among ______________ for power.

_______________________________________!!
 Royal Power Returns in the Middle Kingdom (2080-1640 B.C.)
o
__________ & ______________ returned to Egypt under some strong kings.
o
_____________________, ____________________ and the arts flourished.
o
The capital moved from Memphis to ________________ (Two massive Temples were built there).
o
_____________ _____________ were created by the great trade brought in.
o
Afterlife for commoners:

During the Old Kingdom, only the ________________ had expected to live forever.
During the Middle Kingdom, Egyptians came to believe that ______________________
had eternal souls as well.
 Second Illness Brings Ruin Again
o
Civil War breaks out again.
o
Egypt became prey to outside invaders.
o
Egyptians ruled by __________ (Asian Nomads).
o They ruled from 1640-1570 B.C.
o Egyptians despised the _______ _____________ Hyksos.
Above: Coffin of a
Middle Kingdom Official
 Hyksos Bring New Skills to the Egyptians
o
Ability to make ______________ for tools and weapons.

o
Egyptians were using copper prior to the Hyksos invasion.
Ability to wage war from _________________________________.
o Shooting arrows from a powerful new kind of ____________.
o _____________ and ___________ techniques.
 The New Kingdom: An Age of Empires
(1570-1075 B.C.)
o
This kingdom was more ____________ and
_________________ than ever before.
o
King Tutankhamon ruled during this time
period.
o Egyptians became ____________________.

Professional Army assembled which
included: _____________,
_______________, ______________.
 Rule By Queen
o
Queen ________________ declared herself pharaoh around
1478 B.C. (Her stepson was too young to rule).
o
She ruled for _______ years.
o She was better known for encouraging _________ than
waging war.
 The Temple at Deir-El-Bahri
o
Hatshepsut was an 18th dynasty pharaoh who was one of a handful of ____________
rulers in Ancient Egypt.
o Her reign was the longest of all the female pharaohs and her funerary temple still stands
as a tribute to her incredible _________________________________.
 Queen Hatshepsut Cont…
o
Carved scenes on her great
funeral temple show her officials
on a __________
___________________ to the
east African coast, buying myrrh,
frankincense, ebony,
___________, & leopard skins.
o
No one knows whether
Hatshepsut died _____________
or was _____________ by her
stepson (Thutmose III)………
OR DO WE?!?!
Right: Mummy of
Queen Hatshepsut
 A Warrior Pharaoh
o
Thutmose III proved to be a more warlike ruler than his
stepmother.
o From 1450 – 1425 B.C., he conducted 15 victorious
invasions into ______________ and _________. His
armies also pushed south as far as ___________ and
returned with ______________ of slaves.
 Meeting Their Match
o By 1300 B.C. – Egyptians came face to
face with the ___________________.

Their armies met at
______________ in 1288 B.C.
They fought each other to a
___________ _____________.

The pharaoh and Hittite king
made a _____________,
promising “peace and
brotherhood between us forever.”

For the rest of the century the
two kingdoms were
_______________.
 An Age of Builders
o The Old Kingdom builders built ______________ for their pharaoh’s tombs. The pyramids were
too _____________ and easily robbed.
o Rulers of the New Kingdom built their tombs beneath _________ __________.

The site they chose was the remote ______________________________ near
________________.

That’s where they found ________ ________________________.
 Ramses II
o One of the greatest rulers of the New Kingdom
was ___________________.
o Ramses II reigned for ______ years (1279-1212
B.C.).
o He lived to the age of ____ and was the father of
______ children.
o Ramses created the giant temple of __________
(Egypt’s chief god) at ____________.
o The building were huge and impressive, but they
are not as ____________ _________ as those of
the Old Kingdom.
Right: Statue of Ramses II.
Below: Mummy of Ramses.
 Egypt’s Power Declined
o 1200 B.C. – Invasions destroyed many kingdoms.

Egyptian records speak of attacks by “____ _________ ___ ____ ______.” Little
is known of these invaders, but the destruction they left behind was vast.
o Both the Egyptian and ___________ kingdoms fell to these mysterious enemies.
o In 671 B.C. ___________ took over Egypt. A century and a half later it was the
___________ turn to conquer Egypt.