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Prokaryotic Cell Structures
Pseudopod
– For movement and manipulation
– Made of an extension of the cell membrane
– Looks like a bulge or tentacle or extension of the
cell membrane.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PsYpngBG
394&feature=player_embedded
Cilia
• For movement, either moving a cell through
something, or something past a cell.
• Made of groups of proteins working like tiny
oars.
• Looks like tiny hairs growing out of the cell.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uvs5cOJY
w7U&feature=player_embedded
Flagellum
• For movement
• A long “tail” that spins like a propeller to push
a cell forward.
• Looks like a long whip or tail extending from
the cell.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jl0TzaWU
QWk&feature=player_embedded
Cell Wall
• For protection, structure and to prevent
materials from entering or leaving the cell.
• Made of tough inflexible plates made of a kind
of sugar, with some pores (a small hole) to
allow materials in and out.
• Can make a cell look boxy or rigid.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZvx14FG
pZE&feature=player_embedded
Cell Membrane
• For protection, and to regulate what enters
and leaves the cell. The cellular “skin.”
• Is made of a flexible sheet of fats and
phosphorous.
• Looks like a thin translucent sheet with large
molecules stuck through and on it.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GW0lqf4F
qpg&feature=player_embedded
Cell Surface Transport Protein
• A large molecule that
helps substances
move in and out
through the cellular
membrane.
• Found on the cell
surface.
Cytoplasm or Cytosol
• A thick fluid made mostly of water.
• Acts as the transport medium for nutrients
and cellular machinery.
• Like the “blood” of a cell.
Ribosome
• A large protein factory
made of 4 smaller
molecules of RNA.
• It converts information in
RNA into chains of amino
acids known as proteins.
• http://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=q_n0Ij3K_Ho&
feature=player_embedde
d
Thylakoid Membrane
• For photosynthesis
• A second membrane inside
a cell where several
enzymes use energy from
light to create cellular fuel.
• Look like bright green
discs.
Chromosome
• Stores genetic
information needed
to build proteins.
• Is made of connected
segments of DNA
• Looks like a loop of
DNA, sometimes
clumped together in a
bundle.
Endocytosis
• A process where the cell membrane surrounds something in
order to move it inside the cell.
• The membrane surrounds the object, and pinches shut to
create a pocket.
• The pocket opens on the inside of the cell membrane, releasing
the object.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=
qpw2p1x9Cic
Exocytosis
• A process where the cell membrane surrounds something in
order to move it outside the cell.
• The membrane surrounds the object, and pinches shut to
create a pocket.
• The pocket opens on the outside of the cell membrane,
releasing the object.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=
qpw2p1x9Cic
Passive transport
• When materials are allowed to move in or out
of a cell without using energy.
Active Transport
• When a cell uses energy to move substances
into, out of, or around inside itself.
Photosynthesis
• A process that uses light energy to actively
transport substances across the Thylakoid
Membrane. As these substances are passively
transported back, they provide energy to
create cellular fuel.