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Date April 14, 1861 July 21, 1861 February 6, 1862 (Fort Henry) February 16, 1862 (Fort Donelson) March 9, 1862 April 6, 1862 Event Causalities Summary Fort 0 Sumter The Confederate States wanted to force the US Army to leave Fort Sumter. There was forty hours of continuous shelling before the fort fell to the South. By this time one-fifth of the fort was on fire. The Southern commander, General Pierre G. T. Beauregard, gave permission for all the Union troops to leave safely and the Southern troops took over the fort. First Battle of Bull 2,900 Run This was the first great battle of the Civil War. The battle was fought at Manassas Junction near Bull Run Creek, only 30 miles south of Washington, D. C. Many Congressmen and their wives watched from behind the battle lines. The Union guns shot first attacking General Beauregard's troops. Confederate reinforcements arrived by train wearing blue uniforms. After confusion set in the North was defeated and retreated to the capital. President Lincoln asked for more volunteers. Fighting on the Mississippi After capturing Fort Henry along the Tennessee River the Union army with 15,000 men led by Ulysses S. Grant attacked Fort Donelson, a Confederate fort on the Cumberland River. At Fort Donelson Grant sent the message, "No terms except unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted. I propose to move immediately upon your works." The North had six gunboats. The fighting lasted three days. Grant took 12,000 Confederate prisoners and 40 cannons from Fort Donelson. This cut off the Confederate supply line from the western territories. 17,398 Ironclad Ships Battle For the first time in history two ironclad ships battled. The battle lasted for about 4 hours. Neither side won the battle. The Confederate ironclad was an old wooden ship called the Merrimac which had been rebuilt with iron all around the boat then renamed the Virginia. The Merrimac had sunk several Union ships in the past months. The North decided to build an ironclad ship to fight it. The Northern ship was called the Monitor. Shiloh After Grant had captured several forts in Tennessee his armies moved south toward Mississippi. The Confederate Army lead by General Albert Sidney Johnston, met Grant at Shiloh, Tennessee. Grant had not expected the attack which started while the Yankee soldiers were cooking their breakfast. At first Grant seemed to be losing. Then more Northern troops arrived and Grant defeated the Southerners. (Johnston was wounded in the leg and bled to death before medical help came. P. G. T. Beauregard took command after Johnston was wounded.) 23,746 Union: 15,800 In a series of battles the Southern army led by Generals Joseph E. Johnston and Robert E. Lee, the South managed to drive June 1862 Seven Days' Battle back the Union army. The battles ended at Malvern Hill on Confederate July 1. Lee breaks McClellan siege of Richmond. The Union Army returned to Washington. 20,100 August 28-30, 1862 Second Battle at Bull Run The Union led by General John Pope was defeated at Bull Run Creek while trying to reach Richmond. The Union army retreat to Washington. 22,180 J. E. B. Stuart broke into the Union headquarters and captured a case containing more that $300,000 (worth $5 million today). Lincoln relieved Pope of his command.) Battle of Antietam September - Sharpsburg, 23,100 17, 1862 Maryland Lee took command telling the Confederate forces that he planned to carry the fight to the enemy. Lee gave each division a route and job to do. One copy of Lee's plan ended up with the Union Army. Therefore when Leee crossed the Potomac River into Maryland, he was blocked from Washington, D. C. by Union troops in a bloody battle at Sharpsburg near Antietam Creek. Lee realized that his army was in a bad position to receive supplies and withdrew his troops over the Potomac to Virginia. September Lincoln Frees all 22, 1862 the Slaves President issued a proclamation freeing all the slaves in the South. Lincoln's document called the Emancipation Proclamation because in emancipated the slaves. April 30 20,000 General Lee fought against General Joseph Hooker. Although outnumbered two to one, Lee won the battle. During the battle General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson was killed. (Jackson was shot when returning to camp by one of his own men.) 35,835 In Vicksburg, Mississippi a strong fort overlooked the river. Grant surrounded the fort and began a siege. On July 4 Vicksburg surrendered. This gave the North control of the Mississippi River. May 18 July 1 Chancellorsville Vicksburg Gettysburg 51,000 Robert E. Lee invaded Pennsylvania in June 1863. He was hoping to threaten Washington and Philadelphia, to breed Northern morale, and to gain recognition and independence for the Southern Confederacy. At Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Lee's Army of Northern Virginia met the Army of the Potomac unexpectedly. It was under the command of General George G. Meade. This famous battle lasted three days. The Southerners were turned back and again retreated into Virginia. The combined casualties of Gettysburg and Vicksburg overwhelmed the South. September Chickamauga 18 34,624 The Confederate Army led by General Braxton Bragg won against the Union army at Chickamauga Creek in Tennessee. General George Thomas commanded the Union army which was trapped in Chattanooga. After winning Bragg decided not to capture Chattanooga. Ten Confederate generals had been killed or wounded. May Sherman's march to the Sea 12,140 in Atlanta William T. Sherman left Tennessee with 100,000 troops. He marched to Atlanta, Georgia. He ten marched from Atlanta to the Atlantic Ocean. During this 300 mile march Sherman's soldiers burned and destroyed everything in a width of 60 miles. May 5 - 6 Battle of the Wilderness Union: 18,000 This was the first in a series of battles that took place in the woods of near Chancellorsville, Virginia. The first Union attack was made in an area about 50 miles from Richmond. Confederate: Fires trapped both Confederate and Union soldiers in the blazing woods. The Union gained little and lost much in 7,500 casualties. (Some consider battle this a draw.) May 31 June 20 Cold Harbor Siege of Petersburg September Atlanta 2 April 9 April 14 Appomattox Courthouse Lincoln's assassination 15,500 Grant kept moving toward Lee's army after Spotsylvania. They fought the Southern army at Cold Harbor in an advance upon Richmond. After many casualties the Union army called off the attack. 104,000 After leaving Cold Harbor Grant headed for Petersburg, 20 miles south of Richmond, the Confederate capital. The Union delayed attacking long enough for Lee to gather reinforcements. This was the beginning of a nine month siege with Grant's men surrounding Lee's army. Petersburg did not fall until the end of the war. 12,140 Northern troops under Sherman captured Atlanta after a forty-day siege of the city. Atlanta was an important victory because it was one of the most important railroad junctions in the Confederacy. Sherman burned much of the city on November 15 before leaving to begin his march to the sea. General Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia. 700 Confederate soldiers were allowed to keep their belongings including pistols and horses and could return home. On Good Friday, April 14 Lincoln was assassinated. He was attending a performance at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D. C. The assassin was and actor named John Wilkes Booth. After twelve days of running Booth was fatally shot. He had been part of a group of co-conspirators including Lewis Powell, Lewis Payne, who stabbed Secretary of State Seward that same night. Seward lived. After a manhunt for the eight conspirators four were hanged and the four others were imprisoned.