Download Forgetting

Forgetting
Memory’s Dark Side
Forgetting
Forgetting
• At what stage of memory can forgetting
occur?
Forgetting
Answer
• Any stage
Forgetting
• Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon is an example
of forgetting at which stage of memory?
Forgetting
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• Retrieval
Forgetting
• A clue, prompt, or hint that triggers recall
• A question on a test is an example of this.
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• Retrieval Cue
Forgetting
• Which is easier a recall test or recognition
test?
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• Recognition Test
Forgetting
• Better recall if tested in classroom where you initially
learned information is an example of this type of
memory based on a retrieval cues.
Forgetting
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• Context-Dependent Memory
Forgetting
• Recall improved if internal physiological or
emotional state is the same during testing
and initial encoding
Forgetting
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• State-Dependent Memory
Forgetting
• Positive mood will likely cause you to
remember other times you were positive.
This is an example of…
Forgetting
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• Mood Congruence
Forgetting
• T or F: There is no such thing as having a
perfect memory of something.
Forgetting
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• True
Forgetting
• New or Old Memories can get in the way of us
retrieving information in a process called…
Forgetting
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• Interference
Forgetting
• This is your metal framework to interpret
information. For instance, when a person says
“dog” you immediately think of a certain kind
of dog in your head. Your brain uses these to
complete the gaps in your memory.
Forgetting
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• Schemas
Forgetting
• Type of memory that is distorted and
inaccurate memory that feels completely real
and is often accompanied by all the emotional
impact of a real memory.
Forgetting
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• False Memory
Forgetting
• When the true source of the memory (how,
when, & where it was acquired) is forgotten.
Forgetting
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• Source Confusion
Forgetting
• This person’s studies showed us that memory
can be distorted easily that it most likely is an
imperfect reconstruction of events.
Forgetting
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• Elizabeth Loftis
Forgetting
• Incorporating misleading information into
one’s memory of an event.
• Like the professor in the eyewitness video
saying “I think he had a funny nose.”
Forgetting
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• Misinformation Effect
Forgetting
• When it comes to memory it is important to
remember that memory is always a
___________.
Forgetting
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• Reconstruction
Forgetting
• Are children’s memories very accurate?
Forgetting
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• No, they are open to suggestion.
Forgetting
• This showed that there is a rapid forgetting of
information at first but then it levels out over
time.
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• Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve
Forgetting
• Ebbinghaus proved that the more ______
spent learning something the more info a
person would retain.
Forgetting
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• Time
Forgetting
• At what process of memory does not paying
attention cause the most forgetting?
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• Encoding
Forgetting
• When an OLD memory interferes with
remembering NEW information
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• Proactive Interference
Forgetting
• When a NEW memory interferes with
remembering OLD information
Forgetting
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• Retroactive Interference
Forgetting
• When something is too upsetting, your
unconscious mind tries to protect you from by
preventing you from remembering it.
Forgetting
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• Repression
Forgetting
• When you consciously try to forget something.
• Remember the number we said to forget in
class? 
Forgetting
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• Suppression
Forgetting
• The theory that states that memories fade
away over time.
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• Decay Theory
Forgetting
• This type of amnesia is probably caused by the
fact that when you are so young the part of
your brain used for making memories is not
fully formed yet (hippocampus).
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• Infantile Amnesia
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• Usually caused by injury this type of amnesia
prevents a person from forming new
memories.
Forgetting
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• Anterograde Amnesia
Forgetting
• Usually caused by injury this type of amnesia
prevents the person from remembering
anything from before the injury or trauma.
Forgetting
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• Retrograde Amnesia