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Let’s Build an Atom To build an atom, what parts can we use, and where are they located? To build an atom, what parts can we use, and where are they located? •protons - To build an atom, what parts can we use, and where are they located? •protons - nucleus To build an atom, what parts can we use, and where are they located? •protons - nucleus •electrons - To build an atom, what parts can we use, and where are they located? •protons - nucleus •electrons - outside nucleus To build an atom, what parts can we use, and where are they located? •protons - nucleus •electrons - outside nucleus •neutrons - To build an atom, what parts can we use, and where are they located? •protons - nucleus •electrons - outside nucleus •neutrons - nucleus (for today we will ignore neutrons) What would be the simplest nucleus to build? What would be the simplest nucleus to build? + What would be needed to make this an atom? + What would happen if we put the electron too close to the nucleus? + What would happen if we put the electron too close to the nucleus? -+ What would happen if we put the electron too far from the nucleus? - + What would happen if we put the electron too far from the nucleus? - + There is a perfect location for the electron, not too far, and not too close. What do we call this? + There is a perfect location for the electron, not too far, and not too close. What do we call this? Energy level + Bigger is better, so let’s make a bigger atom… + Bigger is better, so let’s make a bigger atom… ++ What just happened to the energy level? -++ Why does the energy level get closer to the nucleus? -++ What would this do to the size of our atom? -++ Bigger is better… -+ ++ Energy level 1 is full, where does the next electron go? -+ ++ Energy level 1 is full, where does the next electron go? -+ ++ What did this do to the size of the atom? -+ ++ Bigger is better… --++++ What happened to the energy level? --++++ What would this do to the size of the atom? --++++ MUCH bigger is better… ++ + + +++ + ++ What keeps happening to the size of the atom? ++ + + +++ + ++ What is the pull of the nucleus on the electrons called? ++ + + +++ + ++ What is the pull of the nucleus on the electrons called? Effective Nuclear Charge ++ + + +++ + ++ Let’s go one more bigger… - ++ + + +++ + + ++ What would this do to the size of the atom? - ++ + + +++ + + ++ What do we call the measure of the size of the atom? - ++ + + +++ + + ++ What do we call the measure of the size of the atom? atomic radius - ++ + + +++ + + ++ What atom is this? - ++ + + +++ + + ++ What atom is this? Na - ++ + + +++ + + ++ How could Na be made positive? - ++ + + +++ + + ++ How could Na be made positive? - ++ + + +++ + + ++ How could Na be made positive? ++ + + +++ + + ++ What is left? ++ + + +++ + + ++ What is left? 11 protons ++ + + +++ + + ++ What is left? 11 protons 10 electrons = +1 so Na+1 ++ + + +++ + + ++ What would this do to the atomic radius? ++ + + +++ + + ++ What is this new radius called? ++ + + +++ + + ++ What is this new radius called? Ionic Radius ++ + + +++ + + ++ What happens to the size of any atom as it becomes a positive ion (cation), that is, loses an electron? ++ + + +++ + + ++ If we had to put in energy to remove an electron, is it endothermic or exothermic? - ++ + + +++ + + ++ Why is it endothermic? - ++ + + +++ + + ++ Why is it endothermic? positives and negatives attract, so it takes energy to separate them - ++ + + +++ + + ++ What is the name for the energy it takes to remove an electron + (make an ion)? - ++ + + +++ + + ++ What is the name for the energy it takes to remove an electron + (make an ion)? Ionization Energy - ++ + + +++ + + ++ What atom is this? ++ + + + ++ ++ What atom is this? F ++ + + + ++ ++ Let’s add an electron, where would it go? ++ + + + ++ ++ What happened to the size of the atom? - - - ++ + + + ++ ++ What is this new radius called? - - - ++ + + + ++ ++ What is this new radius called? Ionic Radius - - - ++ + + + ++ ++ What do we have now? - - - ++ + + + ++ ++ What do we have now? 9 Protons - - - ++ + + + ++ ++ What do we have now? 9 Protons 10 Electrons -1 so F-1 - - - ++ + + + ++ ++ What happens to the size of any atom as it becomes a negative ion (anion), that is, gains an electron? - - - ++ + + + ++ ++ If energy is released when adding an electron, is this endothermic or exothermic? - - - ++ + + + ++ ++ Why is it exothermic? - - - ++ + + + ++ ++ Why is it exothermic? positives and negatives attract, so they release energy to get closer together - - - ++ + + + ++ ++ What is the name for the energy released when adding an electron (make an ion)? - - - ++ + + + ++ ++ What is the name for the energy released when adding an electron (make an ion)? Electron Affinity - - - ++ + + + ++ ++ Quiz Time! What would happen to the atomic radius as the amount of energy levels increases? a) increases b) decreases c) stays almost the same What would happen to the atomic radius as the amount of energy levels increases? a) increases b) decreases c) stays almost the same What would happen to the atomic radius as the amount of effective nuclear charge increases? a) increases b) decreases c) stays almost the same What would happen to the atomic radius as the amount of effective nuclear charge increases? a) increases b) decreases c) stays almost the same Why is the ionization energy for an electron in the second level less than for an electron in the first level? a) second level is farther, so less attraction, so less endothermic b) first level is closer, so more attraction, so more endothermic Why is the ionization energy for an electron in the second level less than for an electron in the first level? a) second level is farther, so less attraction, so less endothermic b) first level is closer, so more attraction, so more endothermic Why is the electron affinity for an electron in the second level less than for an electron in the first level? a) second level is farther, so less attraction, so less exothermic b) first level is closer, so more attraction, so more exothermic Why is the electron affinity for an electron in the second level less than for an electron in the first level? a) second level is farther, so less attraction, so less exothermic b) first level is closer, so more attraction, so more exothermic Atom X has more energy levels than atom Y. Which of these is true? a) X has higher ionization energy b) Y has higher ionization energy c) X has higher electron affinity d) Y has higher electron affinity e) X has more effective nuclear charge than Y Atom X has more energy levels than atom Y. Which of these is true? a) X has higher ionization energy b) Y has higher ionization energy c) X has higher electron affinity d) Y has higher electron affinity e) X has less effective nuclear charge than Y - NOT ENOUGH INFO!
