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DRAFT ONLY Health & Safety Directorate Health and Safety Policy & Guidance Electrical Safety Policy (Ref: QM_HS_????????????) 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents page 2 1 Executive Summary page 3 2 Introduction and Scope page 3 3 Purpose page 3 4 Application page 3 5 Legislation page 3 6 Electrical Systems and Equipment page 4 7 Definitions page 4 8 Responsibilities: page 5 8.1 Responsibilities for Provision of Electrical Equipment and Supplies page 5 8.2 Responsibilities of Heads of Schools and Departments page 5 8.3 Responsibilities of Managers and Supervisors page 6 8.4 Responsibilities of all Staff page 6 8.5 Responsibilities of Health and Safety Directorate (HSD) page 7 8.6 Responsibilities of Estates and Facilities Director page 7 9.0 Criteria to be met for Live Working page 7 10. Task Specific Risk Assessments page 8 11. Competent Persons page 9 12. Use of Electrical Equipment on College Premises by Contractors page 9 13. General College Electrical Safety Precautions page 10 14. Electrical Equipment page 10 14.1 Earthed or Class 1 Equipment page 10 14.2 Double Insulated or Class 2 Equipment page 10 14.3 Medical Equipment page 10 14.4 Portable Tools page 11 14.5 Plugs page 11 14.6 Fuses page 11 14.7 Extension Sockets page 11 14.8 Cables and Extension Cables page 11 15. Electrical Equipment: Maintenance and Testing page 11 15.1 Hard Wired Equipment page 11 15.2 Portable Equipment page 12 15.4 Inspection of Portable Equipment page 12 15.4 Experimental Equipment page 12 16. References page 13 Document Control page 14 2 1. Executive Summary: This Health and Safety Policy establishes the framework for managing Electrical Operations by Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) staff, students and contractors and for others who may be affected by QMUL activities. The objective of this Policy is to minimise loss, harm or damage, to enable legal compliance and to promote best practise in Electrical Operations. 2. Introduction and Scope To comply with the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989; Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) requires that all work activities involving electricity; on and off site; which may affect the health and safety of its staff; students; contractors and others; are suitably risk assessed and appropriately managed; in accordance with this Electrical Safety Policy. This policy is aimed primarily at managers and supervisors who control or influence the design, specification, installation, commissioning, maintenance or operation of electrical equipment. The majority of schools and departments will be able to discharge their duty of care through the services provided by Estates and Facilities (who are responsible for the fixed electrical installation of buildings) and by compliance to the QMUL Health and Safety Procedure “Inspection and Maintenance of Portable Electrical Equipment, Portable Appliance Testing (PAT) QMUL/HS/090). Fixed electrical installation of buildings: The fixed electrical installation of the buildings is the responsibility of the Senior Engineer within the Estate and Facilities Office. 3. Purpose: The purpose of this policy is to provide guidance to Departments and Schools on how danger arising from the use of electricity may be prevented. Danger, in the context of this policy, means that involving a risk of injury arising from the electrical energy. Injury includes electric shock, electric burn, electrical explosion or arcing, or fire or explosion initiated by electrical energy. Other hazards, e.g. physical injury resulting from contact with moving parts of electrically driven equipment or tripping hazards from trailing cables etc. are not covered by this guidance. 4. Application: This policy is applicable to all staff, students and contractors who are required to work on electrical equipment under Estates & Facilities or other QMUL Departments instruction on the QMUL estate. 5. Legislation: QMUL has a legal duty of care to ensure the safe use of electricity (or electrically powered equipment). This arises from the Health & Safety at Work Act 1974 (HASWA), the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998, the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 and the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 (SI 1989/635) (as amended). The duties are in addition to those imposed by the HASWA. The 1989 Regulations pre-date the risk assessment process brought in with the 1992 version of the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations. However, the risk assessment process is still required. The Management Regulations require that the risks arising out of the use of electricity are considered, with the particular measures required by the other legislation identified. 3 Duties are imposed on people (referred to in the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 guidance as ‘dutyholders’) in respect of systems, electrical equipment and conductors, and in respect of work activities on or near electrical equipment. 6. Electrical systems and Equipment: The Regulations apply to all operational voltages, electrical systems and equipment (as defined) whenever manufactured, purchased, installed or taken into use even if its manufacture or installation pre-dates the Regulations. Where electrical equipment pre-dates the Regulations this does not of itself mean that the continued use of the equipment would be in contravention of the Regulations. For example, some of the equipment to which the Regulations apply may have been made to a standard, such as a British Standard, which has since been modified or superseded. Standards such as BS 76714 can provide assistance but, ultimately, compliance with the Regulations is required. It is likely to be reasonably practicable to replace it with equipment made to a more recent standard when, but only when, it becomes unsafe or falls due for replacement for other than safety reasons, whichever occurs sooner. 7. Definitions: “circuit conductor” means any conductor in a system which is intended to carry electric current in normal conditions, or to be energised in normal conditions, and includes a combined neutral and earth conductor, but does not include a conductor provided solely to perform a protective function by connection to earth or other reference point; “conductor” means a conductor of electrical energy; “danger” means risk of injury; “electrical equipment” includes anything used, intended to be used or installed for use, to generate, provide, transmit, transform, rectify, convert, conduct, distribute, control, store, measure or use electrical energy; “injury” means death or personal injury from electric shock, electric burn, electrical explosion or arcing, or from fire or explosion initiated by electrical energy, where any such death or injury is associated with the generation, provision, transmission, transformation, rectification, conversion, conduction, distribution, control, storage, measurement or use of electrical energy; “system” means an electrical system in which all the electrical equipment is, or may be, electrically connected to a common source of electrical energy, and includes such source and such equipment. Systems, work activities and protective equipment: 1. All systems shall at all times be of such construction as to prevent, so far as is reasonably practicable, danger. 2. As may be necessary to prevent danger, all systems shall be maintained so as to prevent, so far as is reasonably practicable, such danger. 3. Every work activity, including operation, use and maintenance of a system and work near a system, shall be carried out in such a manner as not to give rise, so far as is reasonably practicable, to danger. 4. Any equipment provided under these Regulations for the purpose of protecting persons at work on or near electrical equipment shall be suitable for the use for which it is provided, be maintained in a condition suitable for that use, and be properly used. 4 “other hazards”, e.g. physical injury resulting from contact with moving parts of electrically driven equipment or tripping hazards from trailing cables etc. are not covered by this guidance. When correctly used and maintained, commercial electrical appliances should not give rise to any hazards. 8. Responsibilities: 8.1 Responsibilities for Provision of Electrical Equipment and Supplies: The Estates and Facilities Directorate is responsible for the provision of safe electrical supplies in College buildings up to and including the outlet sockets. Beyond the electrical outlet, each school, institute, department or unit is responsible for further distribution of the supply and for all equipment connected to it, unless that equipment is supplied and connected by the Estates and Facilities Directorate. Written records of all such connections must be maintained by the Estates and Facilities Directorate. Any extension of the fixed wiring system in a College building must only be undertaken by, or in consultation with, qualified electrical engineers from the Estates and Facilities Directorate. The fixed electrical installation of the buildings is the responsibility of the Senior Engineer within the Estate and Facilities Directorate. The fixed installation includes the wiring up to the socket outlet, or to the isolator in the case of more permanently installed pieces of equipment. QMUL Staff and Contractors may NOT work on fixed installation without permission from the Estates and Facilities Senior Engineer. 8.2 Responsibilities of Heads of Schools and Departments: The Heads of Schools and Departments are responsible for wiring installations and equipment from the socket or isolator outwards and must make appropriate provision to ensure that; All electrical equipment in her/his department/institute/unit is safe and fit for its intended use. All persons in her/his department/institute/unit using electrical equipment are made aware of the hazards associated with that electrical equipment and are trained to use working practices that minimize risks to themselves. Managers are aware of their responsibility in ensuring that Electrical Operations under their control are avoided, ‘So far as is reasonably practicable’. The provision of suitable and sufficient training in Electrical Operations for staff who have this work activity as a significant part of their role. Sufficient resources and equipment is provided so the risk of injury from Electrical Operations is reduced to ‘So far as is reasonably practicable’. All accidents, incidents or near misses involving Electrical Operations are investigated, appropriately reported and records maintained. Where necessary, the College policy on the safe use of electrical equipment should be supplemented by local rules designed to minimize risk from electrical equipment as used in that school, institute, department or unit. Appropriate records of risk assessments, risk control measures and actions taken, including results of electrical testing of equipment, must be maintained and available for inspection. If any doubt exists about the safety of a piece of electrical equipment, it must be taken out of 5 service immediately and labelled “Electrical hazard. Do not use”. The equipment should be removed from the area concerned and reported to a responsible person, who must then take appropriate action to repair or dispose of the equipment. 8.3 Responsibilities of Managers and Supervisors Managers and Supervisors must ensure that: a) A system of rules and procedures (including; if necessary a Permit to Work) are established wherever electrical work is to be carried out which must be authorised by the Senior Engineer Estates & Facilities. b) Where electrical contractors are brought in to conduct electrical work that they have appropriate rules and procedures which must be authorised by the Senior Engineer Estates & Facilities. c) Where Electrical Operations cannot be avoided, appropriate task specific risk assessments are carried out and action taken to reduce the risk ‘So far is reasonably practicable’. d) Staff who undertake the Electrical Operations are consulted when undertaking task specific risk assessment. e) Staff are instructed to be in possession and refer to the task specific risk assessments, safety rules and method statements, when working on Electrical Operations. f) Safety Rules should be devised to reflect the relevant organisation, personnel, the electrical system to be worked on and the working environment. g) Staff whom conduct Electrical Operations are competent and that standards are maintained throughout the duration of the electrical work activity. h) Appropriate time is allocated for Electrical Operations to be undertaken. i) Control measures are established and maintained. j) The roles and responsibilities of the supervisors and workers are clearly defined, including those of any contractors employed. k) Appropriate equipment is selected to ensure that the risk of injury from Electrical Operations are reduced ‘So far as is reasonably practicable’. l) Staff are appropriately trained and competent in the correct use of the equipment selected. m) Records of Electrical Operations risk assessments, equipment and staff training are maintained. n) Incidents involving Electrical Operations are investigated using the QMUL Accident/Incident reporting process and any remedial action is implemented and records maintained. 8.4 Responsibilities of all staff All staff must: a) Avoid “Live Electrical” working, ‘So far as is reasonably practicable’. b) Comply with the control measures and safe systems of work derived from the task specific Electrical Operations risk assessment. c) Inform their line manager of any concerns that might reasonably be considered to affect their ability to undertake Electrical Operations safely. d) Identify and alert managers to any new hazard, activity or equipment that requires risk assessment, or where there may need to be a change to a new system of work. e) Report any activity or defect relating to Electrical Operations which is likely to endanger their own safety, or that of another person. f) Inform managers of any broken or faulty equipment. g) Wear clothing, footwear and any personal protective equipment (PPE) in accordance with the control measures and safe systems of work derived from a task specific Electrical Operations risk assessment. h) Undergo suitable Electrical Operations training once the need has been identified. 6 i) Document incidents involving Electrical Operations through the QMUL accident/incident reporting system and ensure their line manager is informed. 8.5 Responsibilities of Health & Safety Directorate (HSD): The Health and Safety Directorate will investigate any Electrical Operations accidents, incidents or near miss at work that are reported to them (in accordance with the QMUL, Health and Safety Standard & Guidance, Incident/Accident Management and Reporting (Ref: QM_HSD_GA015). 8.6 Responsibilities of Estates and Facilities Director: The Director of Estates and Facilities is the delegated senior member of the Directorate in regards compliance with health and safety legislation and agreed best practice. The Director will ensure that resources are available to ensure full compliance with the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 and any supporting QMUL policies. The Director will nominate a member of the Estates Senior Management Team to take responsibility for reviewing and monitoring electrical operations work activities through the Estates and Facilities Health and Safety Committee. To ensure that all accidents and incidents, including near miss incidents, relating to electrical operations are fully investigated and discussed at senior management meetings. That the Director satisfies him/her self that all those within the Directorate who have been allocated duties are sufficiently trained and experienced to fulfil such duties. The Estates Management Arrangements and Procedures EMAP, sets the standards for Estates & Facilities to achieve for managing Electrical Operations and provides guidance in achieving the required standards (EMAP for Portable Appliance Testing / Fixed Wire Testing / High Voltage Testing). These standards will apply to all tasks and activities undertaken by Estates & Facilities operatives or contractors working on Electrical Operations under their instruction on the QMUL estate. The Senior Engineer Estates & Facilities is responsible for the provision of advice and guidance on Electrical Operation tasks. All task specific Electrical Operations risk assessments, control measures, safe systems of work and procedures must be authorised by the Senior Engineer Estates & Facilities. 9. Criteria to be met for Live Working: All Managers and Supervisors should plan and programme Electrical Operations to allow works to be carried out where possible with the equipment dead. Three conditions must be met for Live Working on Electrical Operations, where danger may arise. If just one of these conditions cannot be met, live working must not be permitted and dead working is essential. These conditions are; 1. It is unreasonable in all the circumstances for the conductor to be dead; and 2. It is unreasonable in all circumstances for the person to be at work on or near that conductor while it is live; and 7 3. Suitable precautions (including where necessary, the provision of personal protective equipment) have been taken to prevent injury. This then requires the “Live working” to be; a) properly planned; b) appropriately supervised; and c) carried out in a manner which is so far as is reasonably practicable safe; Planning for electrical work operations includes; the selection of appropriate work equipment; planning for emergencies and rescue; ensuring electrical operations are carried out only when the weather conditions do not jeopardise the health or safety of persons involved in the work; Specify level of supervision and whether accompaniment is necessary; Selection and instruction of competent workers; Ensuring correct safe working methods; Provision and use appropriate protective equipment; Provision of information, tools and instruments and to ensure workers are fully instructed; Arrangements for management checks and supervision of work; Identification Disconnection procedures; Secure isolation and locking off procedures; Posting appropriate “Live Working” warning notices; Proving “Dead” procedures; “Earthing” procedures and safety equipment; Consideration of adjacent parts; Additional procedures and safe systems of work for high energy systems, including permits to work; Extra precautions for high voltage work. 10. Task Specific Risk Assessment of Electrical Operations: All electrical operations must be suitably risk assessed (The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999, Regulation 3). 1. Managers and Supervisors will ensure that work is not carried out where it is reasonably practicable to carry out the work safely other than “Live Working” on electrical operations. 2. Where Electrical Operations work is carried out, Managers and Supervisors shall take suitable and sufficient measures to prevent any person coming into contact with an electrical source liable to cause personal injury. 3. Suitable precautions might include; Installing temporary insulation, protective enclosures, or screens to prevent parts at different potentials being touched at the same time; Using temporary barriers with warning notices affixed to keep unauthorised people away from the work area; Ensuring that adequate clearances are established and maintained when working near live equipment (avoiding danger from overhead power lines etc.). Making sure that workers understand the task and the system to be worked on (clarity of instructions is essential), are trained and experienced, and follow the correct procedures. They must be competent to realise their own limitations and know when to seek help; Providing lighting and working space that is adequate and free from trip hazards; 8 Using robust and properly insulated tools; Using test instruments with insulated probes and fused leads; Maintaining tools and test equipment appropriately calibrated, in good condition and replacing them if damaged; Storing tools correctly – horizontal surfaces and projections inside control cabinets should not be used – and ensuring that objects such as tools and bolts cannot fall onto exposed live parts; Avoiding lone live working. Quick action is needed in the event of an electric shock to disconnect the supply and give assistance, so it will usually be necessary to be accompanied by someone who is competent to make safe and avoid injury; Providing and using correct personal protective equipment (PPE) to reduce the risk of contact with live parts or earth, e.g. insulating gloves, insulating matting. If there is a risk of burns from arcing or flashover that cannot be avoided, consider the use of adequately rated, thermally insulating, flame resistant PPE (including face/eye protection). PPE should be frequently inspected and replaced in damaged (in accordance with the Personal Protective Equipment Regulations 1992). 11. Competent Persons: Persons carrying out the testing and/or repair of electrical equipment, or carrying out experimental work on electrical equipment or its associated connections must have received appropriate training, have suitable technical skills and knowledge for the task to prevent injury to themselves and others. General guidelines for competence are: Practical experience in working with electricity and an adequate knowledge of hazards. A knowledge of current safety standards and a clear understanding of the precautions needed to avoid danger. The ability to recognise whether it is safe to continue working with electrical equipment in unfamiliar situations. 12. Use of Electrical Equipment on College Premises by Contractors: It is the duty of any person employing contractors to work in College premises, to ensure contractor compliance to this policy and the Estates Management Arrangements and Procedures EMAP (Portable Appliance Testing / Fixed Wire Testing / High Voltage Testing) and to exercise sufficient control over the work carried to ensure compliance with its requirements. These standards will apply to all tasks and activities undertaken by Estates & Facilities operatives or contractors working on Electrical Operations under their instruction on the QMUL estate. All task specific Electrical Operations risk assessments, control measures, safe systems of work and procedures must be authorised by the Senior Engineer Estates & Facilities. 13. General College Electrical Safety Precautions: The following practices must be adopted to reduce risk of electrical shock; Before repair or maintenance work on hard-wired electrical equipment a suitable Permit- 9 to-Work system should always be used to ensure effective isolation of the equipment. When switching off main power supplies, care must be taken to ensure that only the intended circuits are isolated. Lock-off systems must be used, where appropriate. Before making alterations modifying any circuitry on items of portable electrical equipment the current must be switched off and the plug taken out of the socket. No equipment should be handled with wet hands and no work should be carried out in close proximity to water supplies or earthed metalwork where there may be a risk of putting one hand on earthed metal and the other on live equipment. Equipment that is thought to be live must be switched off, and its electrical status tested by a competent person. Results of the test should be recorded. Standard electrical fittings, such as 3-pin plugs, sockets and switches, should always be used as specified by manufacturers and in accordance with good practice. Whenever it is possible low voltage equipment should be used. The use of high voltage equipment must be strictly controlled, and suitable assessments of risk, and control features, prepared prior to use. Three-phase socket outlets must not be used to supply single-phase apparatus. 14. Electrical Equipment 14.1 Earthed or Class1 Equipment Class 1 electrical equipment is provided with one layer of insulation over the live conductors, and exposed metalwork is bonded to earth so that it cannot become live in the event of an insulation failure. To reduce the risk of electric shock the external metal casing of all electrical equipment must be earthed as a legal requirement. The external casings or screens of all electrical equipment must be secured so that it is impossible to touch electrically live parts. If the equipment is disconnected from earth, a notice “Attention, Earth Disconnected” must be attached to the equipment. Only competent persons, may work on unearthed equipment. 14.2 Double Insulated or Class 2 Equipment Class 2 electrical equipment has all exposed metalwork separated from the conductors by two layers of insulation, so that the metalwork cannot become live. There is no earth connection and electrical safety of the equipment depends on the integrity of the two layers of insulation. 14.3 Medical Equipment: All medical electrical equipment must be constructed and installed to the general requirements of British Standard EN 60601-1 which covers the basic safety and essential performance for All Medical Electrical Equipment. All such equipment must be operated under the jurisdiction of qualified persons to the standards described in the British Standard. 14.4 Portable Tools Portable tools and hand inspection lamps used in College premises by staff or contractors must be operated from isolating transformers. A double wound transformer, centre tapped to earth, 50V (or less) for lighting and 110V for portable tools, must be used. As an alternative use of battery operated tools is acceptable. 10 14.5 Plugs: Plugs which are incorrectly wired, or in which the connections have been broken are electrically unsafe and must never be used. All plugs must be wired by a competent person. Only one piece of electrical equipment must be wired to each plug. Equipment that is double insulated, or has an insulated exterior, is connected by 2-core cable, without an earth lead. 14.6 Fuses: A fuse must be located in the live conductor and must be of the correct rating, which is usually the lowest rating that will carry the appliance current continuously. Fuses in fixed distribution boards must be replaced only by Estates and Facilities Directorate Electricians or contractors working under the instructions of the Estates and Facilities Directorate. The reason for a fuse blowing, or a circuit breaker tripping, must always be investigated by a competent person and replacement fuses must always be of the correct rating. 14.7 Extension Sockets: Multipoint adaptors should not be at any one mains outlet. Extension sockets or plug strips should be to British Standard design and should be individually fused and be mounted off the floor to avoid trailing cables. Any non-standard extension sockets used in College must always be checked and tested by a competent person before use. 14.8 Cables and Extension Cables: Cables that are not colour-coded in the brown, blue, yellow/green colours (EC Convention) must be replaced by a competent person before the equipment is used. Cables must be chosen so that their rating is sufficient to carry the current which will flow through them in both normal and abnormal conditions. Cables carrying power to and from equipment must be fitted with connecting plugs and sockets which do not leave bare live pins on disconnection, and insulating grommets must be used to secure cables passing through holes in metal chassis. Flexible leads must not be taken under doors. Trailing cables should be located within an appropriate cable duct, in order to achieve good housekeeping standards. 15. Electrical Equipment: Maintenance and Testing: 15.1 Hard Wired Equipment: Periodic maintenance of hard wired electrical equipment should be undertaken by suitably qualified College or contract maintenance engineers according to IEE Wiring Regulations. 6.2 15.2 Portable Equipment: The term "portable" refers to all equipment that can be attached to an electrical system by a cable and plug. 11 15.3 Inspection of Portable Equipment: Visual inspection of portable electrical equipment should be made annually. However, more frequent inspections are advisable if the equipment is being used in such environments as workshops and in fieldwork where there is a high probability of damage. Hand held power tools should be checked before each use. Electrical equipment should be tested at appropriate intervals (as part of the Estates and Facilities Portable Appliance Test programme) using a portable appliance tester to determine Earth bond resistance. Insulation resistance. Records should be kept of all formal visual inspections and portable appliance tests of electrical equipment. Equipment that passes the test should be appropriately labeled whilst equipment that fails must be removed immediately for repair or disposal. 15.4 Experimental Equipment: Experimental equipment must comply with BS 7671 British Standard BS 7671 "Requirements for Electrical Installations. IET Wiring Regulations.", and where an electrical supply are obtained from terminals, these must be protected by barrier or placed in a protective enclosure. In general, BS 7671 applies to circuits supplied at nominal voltages up to and including 1000 volts AC or 1500 volts DC. The standard therefore covers the 230 volt 50 Hz AC mains supply used in the UK for houses, offices, and commerce. 12 16. References: In addition to the regulations noted in section (5) the HSE have produced a number of documents that give guidance and detail on undertaking electrical operations and the control measures required to deem such works as safe. Although the list below is not exhaustive it is intended to detail the key documents for reference; 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The Health and Safety at Work Etc. Act 1974 The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999, Regulation 3 The Provision and Use of Workplace Equipment Regulations 1998 The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 (SI 1989/635) (as amended). The Estates Management Arrangements and Procedures (EMAP for Portable Appliance Testing / Fixed Wire Testing / High Voltage Testing). http://qm-web.estates.qmul.ac.uk/forms/index.html 6. HSE Guidance: Electrical Safety at Work. http://www.hse.gov.uk/electricity/ 7. HSE Guidance: The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989. HSR 25 (Third Edition) http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/hsr25.htm 8. HSE Guidance: Electricity at Work; Safe Working; HSG 85 (Third Edition) http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/hsg85.htm 9. HSE Guidance: Maintaining portable electrical equipment; HSG 107 (Third Edition) http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/hsg107.htm 10. HSE Guidance: Electrical safety and you. A brief guide: INDG 231 (Rev 1). http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg231.htm 11. HSE Guidance: Electrical test equipment for use in low voltage electrical systems. GS38 (Fourth Edition: http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/gs38.htm 12. HSE Guidance: Safe Maintenance: Isolation and Permits to Work: http://www.hse.gov.uk/safemaintenance/index.htm http://www.hse.gov.uk/safemaintenance/permits.htm 13. British Standard BS 7671 "Requirements for Electrical Installations. IET Wiring Regulations. 13 Document Control Initial Data Author: Garry Wright Position: PS Senior Safety Adviser / Training Checked by: Rebecca Jones Position: PS Health and Safety Manager Approved by: Zarah Laing Position: Director of Occupational Health and Safety Status: Version 1 – Live Date of Issue: August 2016 Version No. Date of alteration and re-issue Details of changes 14 Changes made by